{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:25:33Z","timestamp":1760955933977,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]],"date-time":"2019-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In order to reduce the computational complexity of the inverse matrix in the regularized zero-forcing (RZF) precoding algorithm, this paper expands and approximates the inverse matrix based on the truncated Kapteyn series expansion and the corresponding low-complexity RZF precoding algorithm is obtained. In addition, the expansion coefficients of the truncated Kapteyn series in our proposed algorithm are optimized, leading to further improvement of the convergence speed of the precoding algorithm under the premise of the same computational complexity as the traditional RZF precoding. Moreover, the computational complexity and the downlink channel performance in terms of the average achievable rate of the proposed RZF precoding algorithm and other RZF precoding algorithms with typical truncated series expansion approaches are analyzed, and further evaluated by numerical simulations in a large-scale single-cell multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system. Simulation results show that the proposed improved RZF precoding algorithm based on the truncated Kapteyn series expansion performs better than other compared algorithms while keeping low computational complexity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info10040136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]],"date-time":"2019-04-12T03:46:37Z","timestamp":1555040797000},"page":"136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Improved Massive MIMO RZF Precoding Algorithm Based on Truncated Kapteyn Series Expansion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Xue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Engineerinig Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Computational Intelligence, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}]},{"given":"Zhengquan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Engineerinig Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Computational Intelligence, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"},{"name":"National Mobile Communication Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"}]},{"given":"Yongqiang","family":"Man","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Mobile Communication Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Systems, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2129-1217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Engineerinig Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Computational Intelligence, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}]},{"given":"Baolong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Engineerinig Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Computational Intelligence, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"},{"name":"National Mobile Communication Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4899-1718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Engineerinig Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Computational Intelligence, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"},{"name":"National Mobile Communication Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"},{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6340","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2018.2853733","article-title":"Interference Reduction in Multi-Cell Massive MIMO Systems with Large-Scale Fading Precoding","volume":"64","author":"Ashikhmin","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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