{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T15:04:52Z","timestamp":1761663892704,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,5]],"date-time":"2019-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) is one of the key technologies in the fifth generation (5G) cellular communication systems. For uplink massive MIMO systems, the typical linear detection such as minimum mean square error (MMSE) presents a near-optimal performance. Due to the required direct matrix inverse, however, the MMSE detection algorithm becomes computationally very expensive, especially when the number of users is large. For achieving the high detection accuracy as well as reducing the computational complexity in massive MIMO systems, we propose an improved Jacobi iterative algorithm by accelerating the convergence rate in the signal detection process.Specifically, the steepest descent (SD) method is utilized to achieve an efficient searching direction. Then, the whole-correction method is applied to update the iterative process. As the result, the fast convergence and the low computationally complexity of the proposed Jacobi-based algorithm are obtained and proved. Simulation results also demonstrate that the proposed algorithm performs better than the conventional algorithms in terms of the bit error rate (BER) and achieves a near-optimal detection accuracy as the typical MMSE detector, but utilizing a small number of iterations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info10050165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]],"date-time":"2019-05-09T11:22:35Z","timestamp":1557400955000},"page":"165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["An Improved Jacobi-Based Detector for Massive MIMO Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Computational Intelligence, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}]},{"given":"Zhengquan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Computational Intelligence, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8992-8275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Song","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Systems, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2129-1217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Computational Intelligence, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4899-1718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Computational Intelligence, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"},{"name":"National Mobile Communication Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"},{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}]},{"given":"Baolong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Computational Intelligence, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"},{"name":"National Mobile Communication Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2014.2376886","article-title":"Massive MIMO channel-aware decision fusion","volume":"63","author":"Ciuonzo","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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