{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T19:53:53Z","timestamp":1781294033400,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":142,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,16]],"date-time":"2019-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010790","name":"Erasmus+","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017-1-PL01-KA203-038675"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-1-PL01-KA203-038675"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010790","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the education process, students face problems with understanding due to the complexity, necessity of abstract thinking and concepts. More and more educational centres around the world have started to introduce powerful new technology-based tools that help meet the needs of the diverse student population. Over the last several years, virtual reality (VR) has moved from being the purview of gaming to professional development. It plays an important role in teaching process, providing an interesting and engaging way of acquiring information. What follows is an overview of the big trend, opportunities and concerns associated with VR in education. We present new opportunities in VR and put together the most interesting, recent virtual reality applications used in education in relation to several education areas such as general, engineering and health-related education. Additionally, this survey contributes by presenting methods for creating scenarios and different approaches for testing and validation. Lastly, we conclude and discuss future directions of VR and its potential to improve the learning experience.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info10100318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,17]],"date-time":"2019-10-17T04:46:06Z","timestamp":1571287566000},"page":"318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":354,"title":["Virtual Reality and Its Applications in Education: Survey"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3416-5554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota","family":"Kami\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mechatronics and Information Systems, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 18\/22 Str., 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Sapi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mechatronics and Information Systems, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 18\/22 Str., 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9622-9341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u0142awomir","family":"Wiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mechatronics and Information Systems, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 18\/22 Str., 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toomas","family":"Tikk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iCV Research Lab, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tratu 50411, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rain","family":"Haamer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iCV Research Lab, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tratu 50411, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Egils","family":"Avots","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iCV Research Lab, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tratu 50411, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Helmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iCV Research Lab, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tratu 50411, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cagri","family":"Ozcinar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, 2 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8460-5717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gholamreza","family":"Anbarjafari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iCV Research Lab, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tratu 50411, Estonia"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gutmann, A., and Ben-Porath, S. 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