{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T16:18:38Z","timestamp":1783181918098,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,30]],"date-time":"2020-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["14896"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14896"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Drivers struggle to understand how, and when, to safely use their cars\u2019 complex automated functions. Training is necessary but costly and time consuming. A Digital In-Car Tutor (DIT) is proposed to support drivers in learning about, and trying out, their car automation during regular drives. During this driving simulator study, we investigated the effects of a DIT prototype on appropriate automation use and take-over quality. The study had three sessions, each containing multiple driving scenarios. Participants needed to use the automation when they thought that it was safe, and turn it off if it was not. The control group read an information brochure before driving, while the experiment group received the DIT during the first driving session. DIT users showed more correct automation use and a better take-over quality during the first driving session. The DIT especially reduced inappropriate reliance behaviour throughout all sessions. Users of the DIT did show some under-trust during the last driving session. Overall, the concept of a DIT shows potential as a low-cost and time-saving solution for safe guided learning in partially automated cars.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info11040185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,31]],"date-time":"2020-03-31T13:27:19Z","timestamp":1585661239000},"page":"185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Supporting Drivers of Partially Automated Cars through an Adaptive Digital In-Car Tutor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1994-4971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anika","family":"Boelhouwer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Transport Engineering and Management, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4681-3181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arie Paul","family":"van den Beukel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Design, Production and Management, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mascha C.","family":"van der Voort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Design, Production and Management, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willem B.","family":"Verwey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Cognitive Psychology and Ergonomics, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marieke H.","family":"Martens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TNO Traffic &amp; Transport, Anna van Buerenplein 1, 2496 RZ The Hague, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Harms, I., and Dekker, G.M. 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