{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T21:48:53Z","timestamp":1762033733958,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,10]],"date-time":"2020-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the past decade, low power consumption schemes have undergone degraded communication performance, where they fail to maintain the trade-off between the resource and power consumption. In this paper, management of resource and power consumption on small cell orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) networks is enacted using the sleep mode selection method. The sleep mode selection method uses both power and resource management, where the former is responsible for a heterogeneous network, and the latter is managed using a deactivation algorithm. Further, to improve the communication performance during sleep mode selection, a semi-Markov sleep mode selection decision-making process is developed. Spectrum reuse maximization is achieved using a small cell deactivation strategy that potentially identifies and eliminates the sleep mode cells. The performance of this hybrid technique is evaluated and compared against benchmark techniques. The results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid performance model shows effective power and resource management with reduced computational cost compared with benchmark techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info11040203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]],"date-time":"2020-04-13T04:45:31Z","timestamp":1586753131000},"page":"203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Improving Power and Resource Management in Heterogeneous Downlink OFDMA Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3534-8480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nalliyanna Goundar","family":"Veerappan Kousik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing Science and Engineering, Galgotias University, NCR, Delhi 201307, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuvaraj","family":"Natarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development, ICT Academy, Chennai 600096, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8698-2644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kallam","family":"Suresh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science &amp; Engineering, Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupati 517102, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rizwan","family":"Patan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science &amp; Engineering, Velagapudi Ramakrishna Siddhartha Engineering College, Vijayawada 520007, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amir H.","family":"Gandomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering &amp; Information Systems, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11235-018-0462-0","article-title":"Combined user and antenna scheduling scheme for MIMO\u2013OFDM networks","volume":"70","author":"Pattanayak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Telecommun. 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