{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T13:54:07Z","timestamp":1762005247584,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT \u2013 Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e 798 Tecnologia within the Project Scope: UID\/CEC\/00319\/2020 and by the European Structural and Investment 799 Funds in the FEDER component, through the Operational Competitiveness and Internationalization 800 Programme (COM","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-039334"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-039334"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It is expected in a near future that safety applications based on vehicle-to-everything communications will be a common reality in the traffic roads. This technology will contribute to improve the safety of vulnerable road users, for example, with the use of virtual traffic light systems (VTLS) in the intersections. This work implements and evaluates a VTLS conceived to help the pedestrians pass safely the intersections without real traffic lights. The simulated VTLS scenario used two distinct communication paradigms\u2014the pull and push communication models. The pull model was implemented in named data networking (NDN), because NDN uses natively a pull-based communication model, where consumers send requests to pull the contents from the provider. A distinct approach is followed by the push-based model, where consumers subscribe previously the information, and then the producers distribute the available information to those consumers. Comparing the performance of the push and pull models on a VANET with VTLS, it is observed that the push mode presents lower packet loss and generates fewer packets, and consequently occupies less bandwidth, than the pull mode. In fact, for the considered metrics, the VTLS implemented with the pull mode presents no advantage when compared with the push mode.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info11110510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T09:29:32Z","timestamp":1604050172000},"page":"510","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Evaluation of Push and Pull Communication Models on a VANET with Virtual Traffic Lights"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Oscar","family":"Gama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Algoritmi Center, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1501-2752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Algoritmi Center, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0691-1377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Algoritmi Center, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6172-5855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Nicolau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Algoritmi Center, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9135-6245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Algoritmi Center, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joaquim","family":"Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Algoritmi Center, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1037-6434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Algoritmi Center, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Goncalves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Algoritmi Center, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joao","family":"Simoes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Algoritmi Center, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2020, September 30). 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