{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T18:50:09Z","timestamp":1773773409591,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]],"date-time":"2020-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["438-15-161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["438-15-161"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Most of cyclists\u2019 fatalities originate from collisions with motorized vehicles. It is expected that automated vehicles (AV) will be safer than human-driven vehicles, but this depends on the nature of interactions between non-automated road users, among them cyclists. Little research on the interactions between cyclists and AVs exists. This study aims to determine the main factors influencing cyclists\u2019 crossing intentions when interacting with an automated vehicle as compared to a conventional vehicle (CV) using a 360\u00b0 video-based virtual reality (VR) method. The considered factors in this study included vehicle type, gap size between cyclist and vehicle, vehicle speed, and right of way. Each factor had two levels. In addition, cyclist\u2019s self-reported behavior and trust in automated vehicles were also measured. Forty-seven participants experienced 16 different crossing scenarios in a repeated measures study using VR. These scenarios are the result of combinations of the studied factors at different levels. In total, the experiment lasted 60 min. The results show that the gap size and the right of way were the primary factors affecting the crossing intentions of the individuals. The vehicle type and vehicle speed did not have a significant effect on the crossing intentions. Finally, the 360\u00b0 video-based VR method scored relatively high as a research method and comparable with the results of a previous study investigating pedestrians\u2019 crossing intentions confirming its suitability as a research methodology to study cyclists\u2019 crossing intentions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info12010007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]],"date-time":"2020-12-24T09:02:44Z","timestamp":1608800564000},"page":"7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Cyclists\u2019 Crossing Intentions When Interacting with Automated Vehicles: A Virtual Reality Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Juan Pablo","family":"Nu\u00f1ez Velasco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Transport and Planning, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, South Holland, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Anouk","family":"de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transport and Planning, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, South Holland, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2919-0253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haneen","family":"Farah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transport and Planning, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, South Holland, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8316-7794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart","family":"van Arem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transport and Planning, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, South Holland, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5884-4877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marjan P.","family":"Hagenzieker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transport and Planning, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, South Holland, The Netherlands"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2020, December 23). 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