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In this study, we investigated whether this target is real or virtual by using machine learning techniques to classify electroencephalographic (EEG) and eye tracking data collected in augmented reality scenarios. A shallow convolutional neural net classified 3 second EEG data windows from 20 participants in a person-dependent manner with an average accuracy above 70% if the testing data and training data came from different trials. This accuracy could be significantly increased to 77% using a multimodal late fusion approach that included the recorded eye tracking data. Person-independent EEG classification was possible above chance level for 6 out of 20 participants. Thus, the reliability of such a brain\u2013computer interface is high enough for it to be treated as a useful input mechanism for augmented reality applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info12060226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T10:30:32Z","timestamp":1622025032000},"page":"226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Using Brain Activity Patterns to Differentiate Real and Virtual Attended Targets during Augmented Reality Scenarios"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0601-0950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa-Marie","family":"Vortmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Systems Lab, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonid","family":"Schwenke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Systems Lab, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5203-8797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Putze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Systems Lab, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Zaidel, D.W. 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