{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T04:01:32Z","timestamp":1788580892571,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006378","name":"Universitas Indonesia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Publikasi Terindeks Internasional (PUTI) Q3 grant no. NKG-1823\/UN2.RST\/HKP.05.00\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Publikasi Terindeks Internasional (PUTI) Q3 grant no. NKG-1823\/UN2.RST\/HKP.05.00\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006378","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Simple questions are the most common type of questions used for evaluating a knowledge graph question answering (KGQA). A simple question is a question whose answer can be captured by a factoid statement with one relation or predicate. Knowledge graph question answering (KGQA) systems are systems whose aim is to automatically answer natural language questions (NLQs) over knowledge graphs (KGs). There are varieties of researches with different approaches in this area. However, the lack of a comprehensive study to focus on addressing simple questions from all aspects is tangible. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of answering simple questions to classify available techniques and compare their advantages and drawbacks in order to have better insights of existing issues and recommendations to direct future works.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info12070271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T02:44:39Z","timestamp":1625107479000},"page":"271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Challenges, Techniques, and Trends of Simple Knowledge Graph Question Answering: A Survey"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Yani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Science, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia"},{"name":"Politeknik Negeri Indramayu, Indramayu 45252, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0745-6804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adila Alfa","family":"Krisnadhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Science, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2015.07.009","article-title":"Knowledge-based question answering using the semantic embedding space","volume":"42","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Syst. 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