{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:10:35Z","timestamp":1760235035884,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,10]],"date-time":"2021-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61801382","62071377"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61801382","62071377"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province","award":["2020JQ-849","2021JQ-705"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JQ-849","2021JQ-705"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and wireless energy harvesting are two promising technologies for improving spectral efficiency and energy efficiency, respectively. In this paper, we study the physical layer security of a wireless-powered full-duplex (FD) relay-aided cooperative NOMA system. In particular, the source is wiretapped by an eavesdropper, and the FD relay assists the transmission from the source to a near user and a far user with self-energy recycling. To enhance the security performance of the system, we propose an artificial noise (AN)-aided cooperative transmission scheme, in which the relay emits a jamming signal to confuse the eavesdropper while receiving the signal from the source. For the proposed scheme, the ergodic secrecy sum rate (ESSR) is derived to characterize the secrecy performance and a lower bound of ESSR is obtained. Finally, numerical results verify the accuracy of the theoretical analysis of the proposed AN-aided secure transmission scheme. The superiority of the proposed scheme is also demonstrated since this scheme can achieve better secrecy performance, compared to the conventional cooperative NOMA scheme.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info12070279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T00:23:36Z","timestamp":1626049416000},"page":"279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Improving Physical Layer Security of Cooperative NOMA System with Wireless-Powered Full-Duplex Relaying"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2520-8388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi\u2019an 710121, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yixuan","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi\u2019an 710121, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meruyert","family":"Makhanbet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuewei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi\u2019an 710121, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2015.2396516","article-title":"Full-duplex wireless-powered relay with self-energy recycling","volume":"4","author":"Zeng","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. 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