{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:50:16Z","timestamp":1787169016103,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No: 101000162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No: 101000162"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The current IT market is more and more dominated by the \u201ccloud continuum\u201d. In the \u201ctraditional\u201d cloud, computing resources are typically homogeneous in order to facilitate economies of scale. In contrast, in edge computing, computational resources are widely diverse, commonly with scarce capacities and must be managed very efficiently due to battery constraints or other limitations. A combination of resources and services at the edge (edge computing), in the core (cloud computing), and along the data path (fog computing) is needed through a trusted cloud continuum. This requires novel solutions for the creation, optimization, management, and automatic operation of such infrastructure through new approaches such as infrastructure as code (IaC). In this paper, we analyze how artificial intelligence (AI)-based techniques and tools can enhance the operation of complex applications to support the broad and multi-stage heterogeneity of the infrastructural layer in the \u201ccomputing continuum\u201d through the enhancement of IaC optimization, IaC self-learning, and IaC self-healing. To this extent, the presented work proposes a set of tools, methods, and techniques for applications\u2019 operators to seamlessly select, combine, configure, and adapt computation resources all along the data path and support the complete service lifecycle covering: (1) optimized distributed application deployment over heterogeneous computing resources; (2) monitoring of execution platforms in real time including continuous control and trust of the infrastructural services; (3) application deployment and adaptation while optimizing the execution; and (4) application self-recovery to avoid compromising situations that may lead to an unexpected failure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info12080308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T12:59:24Z","timestamp":1627649964000},"page":"308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Optimization and Prediction Techniques for Self-Healing and Self-Learning Applications in a Trustworthy Cloud Continuum"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9244-2652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juncal","family":"Alonso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico de Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leire","family":"Orue-Echevarria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico de Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7863-9910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eneko","family":"Osaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico de Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6283-5148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"L\u00f3pez Lobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico de Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I\u00f1igo","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico de Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0900-1643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josu","family":"Diaz de Arcaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico de Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I\u00f1aki","family":"Etxaniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico de Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lynn, T., Xiong, H., Dong, D., Momani, B., Gravvanis, G., Filelis-Papadopoulos, C., Elster, A., Khan, M.M.Z.M., Tzovaras, D., and Giannoutakis, K. 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