{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:15:26Z","timestamp":1760235326874,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010665","name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["691071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["691071"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Scientists in the marine domain process satellite images in order to extract information that can be used for monitoring, understanding, and forecasting of marine phenomena, such as turbidity, algal blooms and oil spills. The growing need for effective retrieval of related information has motivated the adoption of semantically aware strategies on satellite images with different spatio-temporal and spectral characteristics. A big issue of these approaches is the lack of coincidence between the information that can be extracted from the visual data and the interpretation that the same data have for a user in a given situation. In this work, we bridge this semantic gap by connecting the quantitative elements of the Earth Observation satellite images with the qualitative information, modelling this knowledge in a marine phenomena ontology and developing a question answering mechanism based on natural language that enables the retrieval of the most appropriate data for each user\u2019s needs. The main objective of the presented methodology is to realize the content-based search of Earth Observation images related to the marine application domain on an application-specific basis that can answer queries such as \u201cFind oil spills that occurred this year in the Adriatic Sea\u201d.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info12080321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T08:35:52Z","timestamp":1628670952000},"page":"321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Semantically-Aware Retrieval of Oceanographic Phenomena Annotated on Satellite Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3824-3932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasilis","family":"Kopsachilis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of the Aegean, GR-81100 Mytilene, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1438-280X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Siciliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70126 Bari, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3939-0136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Polignano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70126 Bari, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5420-0900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pol","family":"Kolokoussis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Remote Sensing, Department of Topography, School of Rural, Surveying and Geomatics Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR-15780 Zografou, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1269-6071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michail","family":"Vaitis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of the Aegean, GR-81100 Mytilene, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2007-9559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"de Gemmis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70126 Bari, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1916-1600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Topouzelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Sciences, University of the Aegean, GR-81100 Mytilene, Greece"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1109\/34.895972","article-title":"Content-based image retrieval at the end of the early years","volume":"22","author":"Smeulders","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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