{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T05:46:21Z","timestamp":1768283181230,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]],"date-time":"2021-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","award":["2019D01C033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019D01C033"]}]},{"name":"Tianshan Innovation Team of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","award":["2020D14044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020D14044"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1903213, 61771416 and 62041110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1903213, 61771416 and 62041110"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2018YFB1403202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFB1403202"]}]},{"name":"Creative Research Groups of Higher Education of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","award":["XJEDU2017T002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XJEDU2017T002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Change detection (CD) is one of the essential tasks in remote sensing image processing and analysis. Remote sensing CD is a process of determining and evaluating changes in various surface objects over time. The impressive achievements of deep learning in image processing and computer vision provide an innovative concept for the task of CD. However, existing methods based on deep learning still have problems detecting small changed regions correctly and distinguishing the boundaries of the changed regions. To solve the above shortcomings and improve the efficiency of CD networks, inspired by the fact that an attention mechanism can refine features effectively, we propose an attention-based network for remote sensing CD, which has two important components: an asymmetric convolution block (ACB) and a combined attention mechanism. First, the proposed method extracts the features of bi-temporal images, which contain two parallel encoders with shared weights and structures. Then, the feature maps are fed into the combined attention module to reconstruct the change maps and obtain refined feature maps. The proposed CANet is evaluated on the two publicly available datasets for challenging remote sensing image CD. Extensive empirical results with four popular metrics show that the designed framework yields a robust CD detector with good generalization performance. In the CDD and LEVIR-CD datasets, the F1 values of the CANet are 3.3% and 1.3% higher than those of advanced CD methods, respectively. A quantitative analysis and qualitative comparison indicate that our method outperforms competitive baselines in terms of both effectiveness and robustness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info12090364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]],"date-time":"2021-09-07T10:24:25Z","timestamp":1631010265000},"page":"364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["CANet: A Combined Attention Network for Remote Sensing Image Change Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Di","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0210-2273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liejun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuli","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9744-9589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anyu","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1080\/01431168908903939","article-title":"Review Article Digital change detection techniques using remotely-sensed data","volume":"10","author":"Singh","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int. 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