{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T14:17:42Z","timestamp":1766067462398,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]],"date-time":"2021-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, Czech Republic","award":["VES20 Inter-Cost LTC 20020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VES20 Inter-Cost LTC 20020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Immense numbers of textual documents are available in a digital form. Research activities are focused on methods of how to speed up their processing to avoid information overloading or to provide formal structures for the problem solving or decision making of intelligent agents. Ontology learning is one of the directions which contributes to all of these activities. The main aim of the ontology learning is to semi-automatically, or fully automatically, extract ontologies\u2014formal structures able to express information or knowledge. The primary motivation behind this paper is to facilitate the processing of a large collection of papers focused on disaster management, especially on tsunami research, using the ontology learning. Various tools of ontology learning are mentioned in the literature at present. The main aim of the paper is to uncover these tools, i.e., to find out which of these tools can be practically used for ontology learning in the tsunami application domain. Specific criteria are predefined for their evaluation, with respect to the \u201cOntology learning layer cake\u201d, which introduces the fundamental phases of ontology learning. ScienceDirect and Web of Science scientific databases are explored, and various solutions for semantics extraction are manually \u201cmined\u201d from the journal articles. ProgrammableWeb site is used for exploration of the tools, frameworks, or APIs applied for the same purpose. Statistics answer the question of which tools are mostly mentioned in these journal articles and on the website. These tools are then investigated more thoroughly, and conclusions about their usage are made with respect to the tsunami domain, for which the tools are tested. Results are not satisfactory because only a limited number of tools can be practically used for ontology learning at present.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info13010004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]],"date-time":"2021-12-24T08:38:46Z","timestamp":1640335126000},"page":"4","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Review of Tools for Semantics Extraction: Application in Tsunami Research Domain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2225-5955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franti\u0161ek","family":"Babi\u010d","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University of Ko\u0161ice, 042 00 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7788-7445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladim\u00edr","family":"Bure\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, 500 03 Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"\u010cech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, 500 03 Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Hus\u00e1kov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, 500 03 Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2595-3989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Mikuleck\u00fd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, 500 03 Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7681-8277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karel","family":"Mls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, 500 03 Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Tom\u00e1\u0161","family":"Nach\u00e1zel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, 500 03 Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5190-0453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Ponce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, 500 03 Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Kamila","family":"\u0160tekerov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, 500 03 Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Ioanna","family":"Triantafyllou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 106 79 Athens, Greece"}]},{"given":"Petr","family":"Tu\u010dn\u00edk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, 500 03 Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Zanker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, 500 03 Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Czech Republic"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Miner, G., Elder, J., and Nisbet, R. 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