{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T12:42:59Z","timestamp":1780663379654,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["869951"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["869951"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Digital Twins (DTs) are a core enabler of Industry 4.0 in manufacturing. Cognitive Digital Twins (CDTs), as an evolution, utilize services and tools towards enabling human-like cognitive capabilities in DTs. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for implementing CDTs to support resilience in production, i.e., to enable manufacturing systems to identify and handle anomalies and disruptive events in production processes and to support decisions to alleviate their consequences. Through analyzing five real-life production cases in different industries, similarities and differences in their corresponding needs are identified. Moreover, a connection between resilience and cognition is established. Further, a conceptual architecture is proposed that maps the tools materializing cognition within the DT core together with a cognitive process that enables resilience in production by utilizing CDTs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info13010033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T23:17:07Z","timestamp":1642029427000},"page":"33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Cognitive Digital Twins for Resilience in Production: A Conceptual Framework"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5262-7265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavlos","family":"Eirinakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Production Management Information Systems, Department of Industrial Management and Technology, University of Piraeus, Karaoli and Dimitriou 80, 18534 Piraeus, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8830-5228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stavros","family":"Lounis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ELTRUN\u2014E-Business Research Center, Department of Management Science and Technology, Athens University of Economics and Business, Patission 76, 10434 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stathis","family":"Plitsos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Production Management Information Systems, Department of Industrial Management and Technology, University of Piraeus, Karaoli and Dimitriou 80, 18534 Piraeus, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8307-2891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Arampatzis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2277-8759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kostas","family":"Kalaboukas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gruppo Maggioli\u2014Greek Branch, 19 Andrea Papandreou str., 15124 Marousi, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4918-0650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klemen","family":"Kenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qlector d.o.o., Rov\u0161nikova 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5044-2921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinzhi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPFL SCI-STI-DK, Station 9, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3665-639X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u017ee M.","family":"Ro\u017eanec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jo\u017eef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nenad","family":"Stojanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nissatech, Cara Dusana 58, 18000 Nis, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2015.02.075","article-title":"Manufacturing system design for resilience","volume":"36","author":"Gu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2020.12.014","article-title":"Situation-aware manufacturing systems for capturing and handling disruptions","volume":"58","author":"Eirinakis","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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