{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:58:09Z","timestamp":1760151489986,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Operational Program Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation","award":["T2EDK-03660"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2EDK-03660"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease (NAFPD) is a common and at the same time not extensively examined pathological condition that is significantly associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance. These factors can lead to the development of critical pathogens such as type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), atherosclerosis, acute pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer. Until recently, the diagnosis of NAFPD was based on noninvasive medical imaging methods and visual evaluations of microscopic histological samples. The present study focuses on the quantification of steatosis prevalence in pancreatic biopsy specimens with varying degrees of NAFPD. All quantification results are extracted using a methodology consisting of digital image processing and transfer learning in pretrained convolutional neural networks for the detection of histological fat structures. The proposed method is applied to 20 digitized histological samples, producing an 0.08% mean fat quantification error thanks to an ensemble CNN voting system and 83.3% mean Dice fat segmentation similarity compared to the semi-quantitative estimates of specialist physicians.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info13040160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T12:20:25Z","timestamp":1648038025000},"page":"160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Ensemble Convolutional Neural Network Classification for Pancreatic Steatosis Assessment in Biopsy Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Alexandros","family":"Arjmand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, GR47100 Arta, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Odysseas","family":"Tsakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, GR47100 Arta, Greece"},{"name":"Q Base R&D, Science & Technology Park of Epirus, University of Ioannina Campus, GR45500 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3231-8852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasileios","family":"Christou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, GR47100 Arta, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9043-1290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandros T.","family":"Tzallas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, GR47100 Arta, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College NHS Trust, London W2 1NY, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6757-1698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markos G.","family":"Tsipouras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College NHS Trust, London W2 1NY, UK"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, GR50100 Kozani, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4746-7065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Forlano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College NHS Trust, London W2 1NY, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5363-1565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pinelopi","family":"Manousou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College NHS Trust, London W2 1NY, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5184-4519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert D.","family":"Goldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College NHS Trust, London W2 1NY, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1113-8462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Gogos\u00a0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, GR47100 Arta, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5604-3507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evripidis","family":"Glavas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, GR47100 Arta, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0615-783X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Giannakeas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, GR47100 Arta, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College NHS Trust, London W2 1NY, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7660","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i34.7660","article-title":"Exploring the metabolic syndrome: Nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease","volume":"22","author":"Catanzaro","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. 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