{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T03:03:37Z","timestamp":1760151817532,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]],"date-time":"2022-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper investigates the throughput performance of an incremental virtual full-duplex non-orthogonal multiple access (I-VFD-NOMA) communication system, where two energy harvesting (EH) enabled near users are willing to forward message for far user using decode-and-forward (DF) protocol. If the direct link between the source and the far user exists, I-VFD-NOMA scheme is used to save the channel resources. If the direct link between the source and the far user does not exist, I-VFD-NOMA can not be used and only VFD-NOMA can be used. With this structure, The analytical expressions of the system throughput considering imperfect successive interference cancellation (I-SIC) and selection combining (SC) are derived when the direct link exists or not. With the aim of maximizing the throughput, the expression for the optimal power splitting factor at near users is also derived when the direct link does not exist. All theoretical results are validated by numerical simulations which demonstrate that the proposed I-VFD-NOMA scheme is superior to existing NOMA systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info13050216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]],"date-time":"2022-04-22T05:07:22Z","timestamp":1650604042000},"page":"216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploiting Incremental Virtual Full Duplex Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4149-6391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weidong","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"},{"name":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2014.2343971","article-title":"On the performance of non-orthogonal multiple access in 5G systems with randomly deployed users","volume":"21","author":"Ding","year":"2014","journal-title":"IIEEE Signal Process. 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