{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T10:58:54Z","timestamp":1768561134881,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The distributor management system has long been a challenge for many organizations and companies. Overall, successful distribution involves several moving entities and methods, requiring a resilient distribution management strategy powered by data analysis. For nonprofit organizations, the distribution system requires efficient distribution and management. This includes minimizing time, distance, and cost. As a consequence, service quality and financial efficiency can be achieved. This paper proposes a methodology to tackle the vehicle routing problems (VRP) faced by nonprofit organizations. The methodology consists of four subsequent approaches\u2014greedy, intraroute, interroute, and tabu search\u2014to improve the functionality and performance of nonprofit organizations. The methodology was validated by applying it to a real nonprofit organization. Furthermore, the proposed system was compared to another state-of-the-art system; the achieved results were satisfactory and suggest that this methodology is capable of handling the VRP accordingly, improving the functionality and performance of nonprofit organizations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info13080374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T21:52:48Z","timestamp":1659649968000},"page":"374","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Vehicle Routing Optimization for Non-Profit Organization Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0516-7868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad","family":"Alhindi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abrar","family":"Alsaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4002-3755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amr","family":"Munshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Engineering Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Behnassi, M., Pollmann, O., and Gupta, H. (2018). Climate Change, Food Security and Natural Resource Management: Regional Case Studies from Three Continents, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-97091-2"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2018.06.004","article-title":"Food waste posing a serious threat to sustainability in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia\u2013A systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Baig","year":"2019","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Li, X. (2015). Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows: A Case Study on Pickup of Dietary Products in Nonprofit Organization, Arizona State University."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"190","article-title":"A branch-and-price-based large neighborhood search algorithm for the vehicle routing problem with time windows","volume":"54","author":"Desaulniers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Netw. Int. 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Limit and Degree of Autonomy in Groupage Systems: Challenges, Chances and Barriers for Horizontal Cooperation in Operational Transportation Planning. Autonomous Cooperation and Control in Logistics, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-19469-6_6"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Motoyama, Y., and Knowlton, K. (2017). Examining the connections within the startup ecosystem: A case study of St. Louis. Entrep. Res. J., 7.","DOI":"10.1515\/erj-2016-0011"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s11750-011-0188-6","article-title":"A generalized variable neighborhood search heuristic for the capacitated vehicle routing problem with stochastic service times","volume":"20","author":"Lei","year":"2012","journal-title":"Top"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belhaiza, S., M\u2019Hallah, R., and Brahim, G.B. (2017, January 5\u20138). A new hybrid genetic variable neighborhood search heuristic for the vehicle routing problem with multiple time windows. Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), Donostia, Spain.","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC.2017.7969457"}],"container-title":["Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/13\/8\/374\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:04:15Z","timestamp":1760141055000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/13\/8\/374"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["info13080374"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/info13080374","relation":{},"ISSN":["2078-2489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2078-2489","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]]}}}