{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T16:46:31Z","timestamp":1783097191841,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,28]],"date-time":"2022-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61802286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61802286"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U20A20177"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U20A20177"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021BAA025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021BAA025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D plan of Hubei Province","award":["61802286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61802286"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D plan of Hubei Province","award":["U20A20177"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U20A20177"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D plan of Hubei Province","award":["2021BAA025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021BAA025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Optimizing traffic signal timing can effectively alleviate urban traffic congestion. However, most of the existing signal timing methods struggle to deal with conflicting traffic flows in heavy traffic; therefore, more effective methods are urgently required. In this paper, we propose a flexible signal timing method that combines all-red control and adaptive timing (FMAA) to deal with conflicting traffic flows at an isolated intersection. First, we consider a Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication-based vehicular network environment, in which fine-grained traffic information can be collected by Road Side Units (RSUs) and uploaded to a cloud server for designing signal timing methods. Second, the congestion degree of Conflict Area (CA) is defined and utilized to trigger all-red control in congested cases. Third, the tolerance degree of the Waiting Area (WA) is defined and utilized to perform adaptive timing in other cases. Finally, simulations were conducted using SUMO, and the proposed FMAA method performed better than the comparative methods in terms of average speed, waiting time, and congested vehicles, thus improving traffic efficiency at an isolated intersection with conflicting traffic flows.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info13090408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T03:34:56Z","timestamp":1661744096000},"page":"408","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["FMAA: A Flexible Signal Timing Method for An Isolated Intersection with Conflicting Traffic Flows"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6151-9170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Nie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China"},{"name":"Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Real-Time Industrial System, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qifeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China"},{"name":"Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Real-Time Industrial System, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingxuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China"},{"name":"Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Real-Time Industrial System, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Libing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518057, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2020.2971540","article-title":"Augmenting traffic signal control systems for urban road networks with connected vehicles","volume":"21","author":"Rafter","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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