{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T15:24:23Z","timestamp":1768404263184,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Regione Lazio","award":["G10795"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G10795"]}]},{"name":"Regione Lazio","award":["U. 0008642.28-05-2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U. 0008642.28-05-2020"]}]},{"name":"Regione Lazio","award":["No. 2014\u20132020 (N 3420)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2014\u20132020 (N 3420)"]}]},{"name":"Ministero dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","award":["G10795"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G10795"]}]},{"name":"Ministero dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","award":["U. 0008642.28-05-2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U. 0008642.28-05-2020"]}]},{"name":"Ministero dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","award":["No. 2014\u20132020 (N 3420)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2014\u20132020 (N 3420)"]}]},{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche","award":["G10795"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G10795"]}]},{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche","award":["U. 0008642.28-05-2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U. 0008642.28-05-2020"]}]},{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche","award":["No. 2014\u20132020 (N 3420)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2014\u20132020 (N 3420)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Museo Egizio\u2019s collection contains 200 precious and unique leather artifacts belonging to different historical periods. The materials used during the tanning and curing procedures affect the chemical and elemental composition of the surface of the samples as well as their preservation status, specifically through the hydration level within the bulk. Here we provide an experimental characterization of a series of samples from Museo Egizio that document an extensive denaturation phenomenon (gelatinization), by combining non-destructive techniques including surface probes (X-ray fluorescence, Raman scattering, and scanning electron microscopy enhanced by X-ray energy spectroscopy) and neutron-based bulk techniques (inelastic and deep-inelastic neutron scattering). Results show partial dehydration of the samples in the bulk, affecting the morphology of their surface, the presence of potassium alum, and iron oxides, as well as phosphates and hydroxides related to the tanning and curing procedures. Finally, we briefly discuss the need for a versatile and adaptable software package that is capable of combining quantitative analyses with complementary techniques including morphological, elemental, and chemical composition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info13100467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T23:09:29Z","timestamp":1664492969000},"page":"467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Neutron-Enhanced Information on the Laboratory Characterization of Ancient Egyptian Leathers: Hydration and Preservation Status"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5963-4647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Romanelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department and NAST Centre, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Roma \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Andreani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department and NAST Centre, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Roma \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Ferraris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museo Egizio di Torino, Via Accademia delle Scienze 6, 10123 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Greco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museo Egizio di Torino, Via Accademia delle Scienze 6, 10123 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salima","family":"Ikram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, Egyptology and Anthropology, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2285-7780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Licoccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Science and Technologies Department and NAST Centre, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Roma \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7446-0817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Paladini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences (MIFT), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D\u2019Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3228-2570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stewart F.","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6966-3628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Preziosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department and NAST Centre, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Roma \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Senesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department and NAST Centre, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Roma \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Skinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Museum and the Institute of Creative Leather Technologies, University of Northampton, University Drive, Northampton NN1 5PH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 J.","family":"Veldmeijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, Egyptology and Anthropology, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2907-9165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Venuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences (MIFT), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D\u2019Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Turina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museo Egizio di Torino, Via Accademia delle Scienze 6, 10123 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, June 15). 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Neutron Spectroscopy of Leather Artefacts from Museo Egizio (VESUVIO), STFC ISIS Facility, STFC ISIS Neutron and Muon Source."}],"container-title":["Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/13\/10\/467\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:41:53Z","timestamp":1760143313000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/13\/10\/467"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["info13100467"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/info13100467","relation":{},"ISSN":["2078-2489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2078-2489","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]}}}