{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T13:18:19Z","timestamp":1772803099839,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62272163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62272163"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YYJC012022023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YYJC012022023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["222300420230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222300420230"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["222102210027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222102210027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HNTS2022005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HNTS2022005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021MK067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021MK067"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022A1515010417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A1515010417"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JSGG20211029095545002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSGG20211029095545002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XQ2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XQ2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["489-29"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["489-29"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Songshan Laboratory Pre-research Project","award":["62272163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62272163"]}]},{"name":"Songshan Laboratory Pre-research Project","award":["YYJC012022023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YYJC012022023"]}]},{"name":"Songshan Laboratory Pre-research Project","award":["222300420230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222300420230"]}]},{"name":"Songshan Laboratory Pre-research Project","award":["222102210027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222102210027"]}]},{"name":"Songshan Laboratory Pre-research Project","award":["HNTS2022005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HNTS2022005"]}]},{"name":"Songshan Laboratory Pre-research Project","award":["2021MK067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021MK067"]}]},{"name":"Songshan Laboratory Pre-research Project","award":["2022A1515010417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A1515010417"]}]},{"name":"Songshan Laboratory Pre-research Project","award":["JSGG20211029095545002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSGG20211029095545002"]}]},{"name":"Songshan Laboratory Pre-research Project","award":["XQ2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XQ2021"]}]},{"name":"Songshan Laboratory Pre-research Project","award":["489-29"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["489-29"]}]},{"name":"Henan Province Science Foundation for Youths","award":["62272163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62272163"]}]},{"name":"Henan Province Science Foundation for Youths","award":["YYJC012022023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YYJC012022023"]}]},{"name":"Henan Province Science Foundation for Youths","award":["222300420230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222300420230"]}]},{"name":"Henan Province Science Foundation for Youths","award":["222102210027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222102210027"]}]},{"name":"Henan Province Science Foundation for Youths","award":["HNTS2022005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HNTS2022005"]}]},{"name":"Henan Province Science Foundation for Youths","award":["2021MK067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021MK067"]}]},{"name":"Henan Province Science Foundation for Youths","award":["2022A1515010417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A1515010417"]}]},{"name":"Henan Province Science Foundation for Youths","award":["JSGG20211029095545002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSGG20211029095545002"]}]},{"name":"Henan Province Science Foundation for Youths","award":["XQ2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XQ2021"]}]},{"name":"Henan Province Science Foundation for Youths","award":["489-29"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["489-29"]}]},{"name":"Henan Province Science and Technology Department Foundation","award":["62272163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62272163"]}]},{"name":"Henan Province Science and Technology Department Foundation","award":["YYJC012022023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YYJC012022023"]}]},{"name":"Henan Province Science and Technology Department Foundation","award":["222300420230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222300420230"]}]},{"name":"Henan Province Science and Technology Department Foundation","award":["222102210027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222102210027"]}]},{"name":"Henan Province Science and Technology Department Foundation","award":["HNTS2022005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HNTS2022005"]}]},{"name":"Henan Province Science and Technology Department Foundation","award":["2021MK067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021MK067"]}]},{"name":"Henan Province Science and Technology Department Foundation","award":["2022A1515010417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A1515010417"]}]},{"name":"Henan Province Science and Technology Department Foundation","award":["JSGG20211029095545002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSGG20211029095545002"]}]},{"name":"Henan Province Science and Technology Department Foundation","award":["XQ2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XQ2021"]}]},{"name":"Henan Province Science and Technology Department Foundation","award":["489-29"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["489-29"]}]},{"name":"Open Foundation of Henan Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Situation Awareness","award":["62272163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62272163"]}]},{"name":"Open Foundation of Henan Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Situation Awareness","award":["YYJC012022023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YYJC012022023"]}]},{"name":"Open Foundation of Henan Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Situation Awareness","award":["222300420230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222300420230"]}]},{"name":"Open Foundation of Henan Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Situation Awareness","award":["222102210027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222102210027"]}]},{"name":"Open Foundation of Henan Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Situation Awareness","award":["HNTS2022005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HNTS2022005"]}]},{"name":"Open Foundation of Henan Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Situation Awareness","award":["2021MK067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021MK067"]}]},{"name":"Open Foundation of Henan Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Situation Awareness","award":["2022A1515010417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A1515010417"]}]},{"name":"Open Foundation of Henan Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Situation Awareness","award":["JSGG20211029095545002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSGG20211029095545002"]}]},{"name":"Open Foundation of Henan Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Situation Awareness","award":["XQ2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XQ2021"]}]},{"name":"Open Foundation of Henan Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Situation Awareness","award":["489-29"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["489-29"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Plan Projects of State Administration for Market Regulation","award":["62272163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62272163"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Plan Projects of State Administration for Market Regulation","award":["YYJC012022023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YYJC012022023"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Plan Projects of State Administration for Market Regulation","award":["222300420230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222300420230"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Plan Projects of State Administration for Market Regulation","award":["222102210027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222102210027"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Plan Projects of State Administration for Market Regulation","award":["HNTS2022005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HNTS2022005"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Plan Projects of State Administration for Market Regulation","award":["2021MK067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021MK067"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Plan Projects of State Administration for Market Regulation","award":["2022A1515010417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A1515010417"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Plan Projects of State Administration for Market Regulation","award":["JSGG20211029095545002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSGG20211029095545002"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Plan Projects of State Administration for Market Regulation","award":["XQ2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XQ2021"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Plan Projects of State Administration for Market Regulation","award":["489-29"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["489-29"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62272163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62272163"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YYJC012022023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YYJC012022023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["222300420230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222300420230"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["222102210027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222102210027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HNTS2022005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HNTS2022005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021MK067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021MK067"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022A1515010417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A1515010417"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JSGG20211029095545002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSGG20211029095545002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XQ2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XQ2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["489-29"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["489-29"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key project of Shenzhen municipality","award":["62272163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62272163"]}]},{"name":"Key project of Shenzhen municipality","award":["YYJC012022023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YYJC012022023"]}]},{"name":"Key project of Shenzhen municipality","award":["222300420230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222300420230"]}]},{"name":"Key project of Shenzhen municipality","award":["222102210027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222102210027"]}]},{"name":"Key project of Shenzhen municipality","award":["HNTS2022005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HNTS2022005"]}]},{"name":"Key project of Shenzhen municipality","award":["2021MK067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021MK067"]}]},{"name":"Key project of Shenzhen municipality","award":["2022A1515010417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A1515010417"]}]},{"name":"Key project of Shenzhen municipality","award":["JSGG20211029095545002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSGG20211029095545002"]}]},{"name":"Key project of Shenzhen municipality","award":["XQ2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XQ2021"]}]},{"name":"Key project of Shenzhen municipality","award":["489-29"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["489-29"]}]},{"name":"School-enterprise Collaborative Innovation Project of SZIIT","award":["62272163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62272163"]}]},{"name":"School-enterprise Collaborative Innovation Project of SZIIT","award":["YYJC012022023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YYJC012022023"]}]},{"name":"School-enterprise Collaborative Innovation Project of SZIIT","award":["222300420230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222300420230"]}]},{"name":"School-enterprise Collaborative Innovation Project of SZIIT","award":["222102210027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222102210027"]}]},{"name":"School-enterprise Collaborative Innovation Project of SZIIT","award":["HNTS2022005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HNTS2022005"]}]},{"name":"School-enterprise Collaborative Innovation Project of SZIIT","award":["2021MK067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021MK067"]}]},{"name":"School-enterprise Collaborative Innovation Project of SZIIT","award":["2022A1515010417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A1515010417"]}]},{"name":"School-enterprise Collaborative Innovation Project of SZIIT","award":["JSGG20211029095545002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSGG20211029095545002"]}]},{"name":"School-enterprise Collaborative Innovation Project of SZIIT","award":["XQ2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XQ2021"]}]},{"name":"School-enterprise Collaborative Innovation Project of SZIIT","award":["489-29"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["489-29"]}]},{"name":"Undergraduate Universities Smart Teaching Special Research Project of Henan Province","award":["62272163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62272163"]}]},{"name":"Undergraduate Universities Smart Teaching Special Research Project of Henan Province","award":["YYJC012022023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YYJC012022023"]}]},{"name":"Undergraduate Universities Smart Teaching Special Research Project of Henan Province","award":["222300420230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222300420230"]}]},{"name":"Undergraduate Universities Smart Teaching Special Research Project of Henan Province","award":["222102210027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222102210027"]}]},{"name":"Undergraduate Universities Smart Teaching Special Research Project of Henan Province","award":["HNTS2022005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HNTS2022005"]}]},{"name":"Undergraduate Universities Smart Teaching Special Research Project of Henan Province","award":["2021MK067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021MK067"]}]},{"name":"Undergraduate Universities Smart Teaching Special Research Project of Henan Province","award":["2022A1515010417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A1515010417"]}]},{"name":"Undergraduate Universities Smart Teaching Special Research Project of Henan Province","award":["JSGG20211029095545002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSGG20211029095545002"]}]},{"name":"Undergraduate Universities Smart Teaching Special Research Project of Henan Province","award":["XQ2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XQ2021"]}]},{"name":"Undergraduate Universities Smart Teaching Special Research Project of Henan Province","award":["489-29"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["489-29"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Since the facts in the knowledge graph (KG) cannot be updated automatically over time, some facts have temporal conflicts. To discover and eliminate the temporal conflicts in the KG, this paper proposes a novel temporal conflict resolution method based on temporal KG embedding (named TeCre). Firstly, the predicate relation and timestamp information of time series are incorporated into the entity\u2013relation embedding representation by leveraging the temporal KG embedding (KGE) method. Then, taking into account the chronological sequence of the evolution of the entity\u2013relation representation over time, TeCre constrains the temporal relation in the KG according to the principles of time disjoint, time precedence, and time mutually exclusive constraints. Besides that, TeCre further considers the sequence vectorization of predicate relation to discover the temporal conflict facts in the KG. Finally, to eliminate the temporal conflict facts, TeCre deletes the tail entities of the temporal conflict facts, and employs the link prediction method to complete the missing tail entities according to the output of the score function based on the entity\u2013relation embedding. Experimental results on four public datasets show that TeCre is significantly better than the state-of-the-art temporal KG conflict resolution model. The mean reciprocal ranking (MRR) and Hits@10 of TeCre are at least 5.46% and 3.2% higher than the baseline methods, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info14030155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T01:39:21Z","timestamp":1677721161000},"page":"155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["TeCre: A Novel Temporal Conflict Resolution Method Based on Temporal Knowledge Graph Embedding"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5181-4045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiangtao","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer and Communication Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China"},{"name":"Songshan Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2422-0070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer and Communication Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yonggang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Information Center, Beijing 100045, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanjun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer and Communication Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangwu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen 518172, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaqiong","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China"},{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Situation Awareness, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3233\/SW-140134","article-title":"Dbpedia\u2014A large-scale, multilingual knowledge base extracted from wikipedia","volume":"6","author":"Lehmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semant. Web"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1145\/3191513","article-title":"Never-ending learning","volume":"61","author":"Mitchell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2012.06.001","article-title":"YAGO2: A spatially and temporally enhanced knowledge base from Wikipedia","volume":"194","author":"Hoffart","year":"2013","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bollacker, K., Evans, C., Paritosh, P., Sturge, T., and Taylor, J. (2008, January 10\u201312). Freebase: A collaboratively created graph database for structuring human knowledge. Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, Vancouver, BC, Canada.","DOI":"10.1145\/1376616.1376746"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Gaur, M., Gunaratna, K., Srinivasan, V., and Jin, H. (March, January 22). Iseeq: Information seeking question generation using dynamic meta-information retrieval and knowledge graphs. Proceedings of the 34th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, online."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, L., Du, B., Xu, J., Xia, Y., and Tong, H. (2022, January 14\u201318). Joint Knowledge Graph Completion and Question Answering. Proceedings of the 28th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Washington, DC, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/3534678.3539289"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Yang, Y., Wang, Y., Bai, J., Song, X., and King, I. (2022, January 9). Attentive Knowledge-aware Graph Convolutional Networks with Collaborative Guidance for Personalized Recommendation. Proceedings of the 38th IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE53745.2022.00027"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xue, B., and Zou, L. (2022). Knowledge Graph Quality Management: A Comprehensive Survey. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng., 1.","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2022.3150080"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, M., Qiu, L., and Wang, X. (2021). A survey on knowledge graph embeddings for link prediction. Symmetry, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/sym13030485"},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Thomas, P.T., Gerhard, W., and Fabian, S. (2020, January 2\u20136). YAGO 4: A Reason-able Knowledge Base. Proceedings of the The Semantic Web, Athens, Greece."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1145\/2629489","article-title":"Wikidata: A free collaborative knowledgebase","volume":"57","year":"2014","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Xu, C., Nayyeri, M., Alkhoury, F., Yazdi, H.S., and Lehmann, J. (2019). Temporal knowledge graph embedding model based on additive time series decomposition. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"474","article-title":"Resolving Temporal Conflicts in Inconsistent RDF Knowledge Bases","volume":"2","author":"Dylla","year":"2012","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, L., Fang, J., Zhao, P., Xu, J., Yin, H., and Zhao, L. (2018, January 12\u201315). Eliminating temporal conflicts in uncertain temporal knowledge graphs. Proceedings of the International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-02922-7_23"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2059034","DOI":"10.1142\/S021800142059034X","article-title":"Correction Tower: A general embedding method of the error recognition for the knowledge graph correction","volume":"34","author":"Abedini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Pattern Recognit. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chekol, M., Pirr\u00f2, G., Schoenfisch, J., and Stuckenschmidt, H. (2017, January 4\u20139). Marrying uncertainty and time in knowledge graphs. Proceedings of the 31st AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, San Francisco, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v31i1.10495"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Dur\u00e1n, A., Duman\u010di\u0107, S., and Niepert, M. (, January October\u2013November). Learning Sequence Encoders for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion. Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Brussels, Belgium.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D18-1516"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Qiao, Y., Ma, J., Hu, G., Zhang, C., Sangaiah, A.K., Zhang, H., and Ren, K. (2019). A Novel Time Constraint-Based Approach for Knowledge Graph Conflict Resolution. Appl. Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/app9204399"},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Jiang, T., Liu, T., Ge, T., Sha, L., Chang, B., Li, S., and Sui, Z. (2016, January 11\u201316). Towards time-aware knowledge graph completion. Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Osaka, Japan."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leblay, J., and Chekol, M.W. (2018, January 23\u201327). Deriving Validity Time in Knowledge Graph. Proceedings of the Companion of the The Web Conference 2018 on The Web Conference 2018, Lyon, France.","DOI":"10.1145\/3184558.3191639"},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Bordes, A., Usunier, N., Garcia-Duran, A., Weston, J., and Yakhnenko, O. (2013, January 5\u201310). Translating Embeddings for Modeling Multi-relational Data. Proceedings of the 27th Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, Lake Tahoe, NV, USA."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Yang, B., Yih, S.W.t., He, X., Gao, J., and Deng, L. (2015, January 7\u20139). Embedding Entities and Relations for Learning and Inference in Knowledge Bases. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Learning Representations, San Diego, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jia, B., Wang, C., Zhao, H., and Shi, L. (2022). An Entity Linking Algorithm Derived from Graph Convolutional Network and Contextualized Semantic Relevance. Symmetry, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14102060"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, M., Xu, K., Yang, K., and Chen, H.H. (2014, January 26\u201327). Towards efficient virtual network embedding across multiple network domains. Proceedings of the 22nd International Symposium of Quality of Service, Hong Kong, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/IWQoS.2014.6914301"},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Messner, J., Abboud, R., and Ceylan, I.I. (March, January 22). Temporal knowledge graph completion using box embeddings. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, online."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dasgupta, S.S., Ray, S.N., and Talukdar, P.P. (2018, January 7\u201311). HyTE: Hyperplane-based Temporally aware Knowledge Graph Embedding. Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D18-1225"},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Trivedi, R., Dai, H., Wang, Y., and Song, L. (2017, January 6\u201311). Know-Evolve: Deep Temporal Reasoning for Dynamic Knowledge Graphs. Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Machine Learning, Sydney, Australia."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goel, R., Kazemi, S.M., Brubaker, M., and Poupart, P. (2020, January 7\u201312). Diachronic embedding for temporal knowledge graph completion. Proceedings of the 34th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, New York, NY, USA.","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i04.5815"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bianchi, F., Palmonari, M., and Nozza, D. (2018, January 8\u201312). Towards encoding time in text-based entity embeddings. Proceedings of the 17th International Semantic Web Conference, Monterey, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-00671-6_4"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2019.2931548","article-title":"Knowledge Graph Embedding Based on Multi-View Clustering Framework","volume":"33","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2018.02.012","article-title":"Weakly supervised topic sentiment joint model with word embeddings","volume":"147","author":"Fu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Knowl.-Based Syst."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, T., Liu, T., Ge, T., Sha, L., Li, S., Chang, B., and Sui, Z. (2016, January 1\u20135). Encoding Temporal Information for Time-Aware Link Prediction. Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Austin, TX, USA.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D16-1260"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fleischhacker, D., Paulheim, H., Bryl, V., V\u00f6lker, J., and Bizer, C. (2014, January 19\u201323). Detecting Errors in Numerical Linked Data Using Cross-Checked Outlier Detection. Proceedings of the 13th International Semantic Web Conference, Riva del Garda, Italy.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-11964-9_23"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wienand, D., and Paulheim, H. (2014, January 25\u201329). Detecting Incorrect Numerical Data in DBpedia. Proceedings of the Semantic Web: Trends and Challenges - 11th International Conference, Anissaras, Crete, Greece.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-07443-6_34"},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Paulheim, H. (2014, January 26). Identifying Wrong Links between Datasets by Multi-dimensional Outlier Detection. Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Debugging Ontologies and Ontology Mappings, Hersonissou, Greece."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, H., Li, Y., Xu, F., and Zhong, X. (2015, January 1\u20134). Probabilistic Error Detecting in Numerical Linked Data. Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications, Valencia, Spain.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-22849-5_5"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, Y., Feng, L., Kan, Z., Han, Y., Qiao, L., and Li, D. (2022, January 23\u201329). Modeling Precursors for Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning via Auto-encoder Structure. Proceedings of the 31st International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI-22, Vienna, Austria.","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2022\/284"},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Padia, A. (2017, January 22). Cleaning Noisy Knowledge Graphs. Proceedings of the Doctoral Consortium at the 16th International Semantic Web Conference, Vienna, Austria."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y., and Wang, D.Z. (2014, January 22\u201327). Knowledge expansion over probabilistic knowledge bases. Proceedings of the 2014 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, Snowbird, UT, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/2588555.2610516"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.14778\/3137765.3137811","article-title":"TeCoRe: Temporal Conflict Resolution in Knowledge Graphs","volume":"10","author":"Chekol","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. VLDB Endow."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152832","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2947067","article-title":"Toward Edge-Assisted Video Content Intelligent Caching With Long Short-Term Memory Learning","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin, W., Qu, M., Jin, X., and Ren, X. (2020, January 8\u201312). Recurrent Event Network: Autoregressive Structure Inferenceover Temporal Knowledge Graphs. Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), Barcelona, Spain.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.emnlp-main.541"},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Zhu, C., Chen, M., Fan, C., Cheng, G., and Zhang, Y. (March, January 22). Learning from history: Modeling temporal knowledge graphs with sequential copy-generation networks. Proceedings of the 32rd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, online."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Z., Guan, S., Jin, X., Peng, W., Lyu, Y., Zhu, Y., Bai, L., Li, W., Guo, J., and Cheng, X. (2022, January 22\u201327). Complex Evolutional Pattern Learning for Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning. Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers), Dublin, Ireland.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2022.acl-short.32"}],"container-title":["Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/14\/3\/155\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:45:38Z","timestamp":1760121938000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/14\/3\/155"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["info14030155"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/info14030155","relation":{},"ISSN":["2078-2489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2078-2489","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]}}}