{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T12:09:12Z","timestamp":1784203752870,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science Foundation Ireland","award":["13\/RC\/2094_P2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13\/RC\/2094_P2"]}]},{"name":"Science Foundation Ireland","award":["13\/RC\/2106_P2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13\/RC\/2106_P2"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["13\/RC\/2094_P2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13\/RC\/2094_P2"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["13\/RC\/2106_P2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13\/RC\/2106_P2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be very beneficial in the criminal justice system for predicting the risk of recidivism. AI provides unrivalled high computing power, speed, and accuracy; all harnessed to strengthen the efficiency in predicting convicted individuals who may be on the verge of recommitting a crime. The application of AI models for predicting recidivism has brought positive effects by minimizing the possible re-occurrence of crime. However, the question remains of whether criminal justice system stakeholders can trust AI systems regarding fairness, transparency, privacy and data protection, consistency, societal well-being, and accountability when predicting convicted individuals\u2019 possible risk of recidivism. These are all requirements for a trustworthy AI. This paper conducted a systematic literature review examining trust and the different requirements for trustworthy AI applied to predicting the risks of recidivism. Based on this review, we identified current challenges and future directions regarding applying AI models to predict the risk of recidivism. In addition, this paper provides a comprehensive framework of trustworthy AI for predicting the risk of recidivism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info14080426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T02:08:00Z","timestamp":1690510080000},"page":"426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Ethics and Trustworthiness of AI for Predicting the Risk of Recidivism: A Systematic Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3495-4155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael Mayowa","family":"Farayola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Dublin City University, D09 DXA0 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9656-668X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina","family":"Tal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Dublin City University, D09 DXA0 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3196-2889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Regina","family":"Connolly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business, Dublin City University, D09 DXA0 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2958-7979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takfarinas","family":"Saber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0069-1860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malika","family":"Bendechache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sushina, T., and Sobenin, A. 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