{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T23:14:30Z","timestamp":1784589270262,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Program \u201cYoung Scientists and Post-Doctoral Researchers-2\u201d (YSPDR-2)","award":["YSPD-FESS-021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YSPD-FESS-021"]}]},{"name":"National Research Program \u201cYoung Scientists and Post-Doctoral Researchers-2\u201d (YSPDR-2)","award":["BG05M2OP001-1.002-0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BG05M2OP001-1.002-0002"]}]},{"name":"National Science Fund","award":["YSPD-FESS-021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YSPD-FESS-021"]}]},{"name":"National Science Fund","award":["BG05M2OP001-1.002-0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BG05M2OP001-1.002-0002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Learning technologies often do not meet the university requirements for learner engagement via interactivity and real-time feedback. In addition to the challenge of providing personalized learning experiences for students, these technologies can increase the workload of instructors due to the maintenance and updates required to keep the courses up-to-date. Intelligent chatbots based on generative artificial intelligence (AI) technology can help overcome these disadvantages by transforming pedagogical activities and guiding both students and instructors interactively. In this study, we explore and compare the main characteristics of existing educational chatbots. Then, we propose a new theoretical framework for blended learning with intelligent chatbots integration enabling students to interact online and instructors to create and manage their courses using generative AI tools. The advantages of the proposed framework are as follows: (1) it provides a comprehensive understanding of the transformative potential of AI chatbots in education and facilitates their effective implementation; (2) it offers a holistic methodology to enhance the overall educational experience; and (3) it unifies the applications of intelligent chatbots in teaching\u2013learning activities within universities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info14090492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T10:09:50Z","timestamp":1694081390000},"page":"492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":165,"title":["Effects of Generative Chatbots in Higher Education"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7504-8576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Galina","family":"Ilieva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management and Quantitative Methods in Economics, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5877-3098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tania","family":"Yankova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management and Quantitative Methods in Economics, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1703-412X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanislava","family":"Klisarova-Belcheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management and Quantitative Methods in Economics, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angel","family":"Dimitrov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management and Quantitative Methods in Economics, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8129-5650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marin","family":"Bratkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marketing and International Economic Relations, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5292-9941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delian","family":"Angelov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economic Sciences, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2419.2010.00355.x","article-title":"Computer-based training: Capitalizing on lessons learned","volume":"14","author":"Bedwell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. 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