{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T15:42:15Z","timestamp":1777995735224,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The electrical demand and generation in power systems is currently the biggest source of uncertainty for an electricity provider. For a dependable and financially advantageous electricity system, demand response (DR) success as a result of household appliance energy management has attracted significant attention. Due to fluctuating electricity rates and usage trends, determining the best schedule for apartment appliances can be difficult. As a result of this context, the Improved Cockroach Swarm Optimization Algorithm (ICSOA) is combined with the Innovative Apartments Appliance Scheduling (IAAS) framework. Using the proposed technique, the cost of electricity reduction, user comfort maximization, and peak-to-average ratio reduction are analyzed for apartment appliances. The proposed framework is evaluated by comparing it with BFOA and W\/O scheduling cases. In comparison to the W\/O scheduling case, the BFOA method lowered energy costs by 17.75%, but the ICSA approach reduced energy cost by 46.085%. According to the results, the created ICSA algorithm performed better than the BFOA and W\/O scheduling situations in terms of the stated objectives and was advantageous to both utilities and consumers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info14100521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T02:31:29Z","timestamp":1695695489000},"page":"521","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["A Multi-Objective Improved Cockroach Swarm Algorithm Approach for Apartment Energy Management Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2630-8455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bilal Naji","family":"Alhasnawi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electricity Techniques, Al-Samawah Technical Institute, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Kufa 66001, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1280-8918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Basil H.","family":"Jasim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Engineering Department, Basrah University, Basrah 61001, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2023-5387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali M.","family":"Jasim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Engineering Department, Basrah University, Basrah 61001, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7788-7445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladim\u00edr","family":"Bure\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, 50003 Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2817-8807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arshad Naji","family":"Alhasnawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, Al-Muthanna University, Samawah 66001, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4161-7539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raad Z.","family":"Homod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oil and Gas Engineering, Basra University of Oil and Gas, Basra 61004, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Majid Razaq Mohamed","family":"Alsemawai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Technical Engineering, College of Information Technology, Imam Ja\u2019afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna 66002, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8257-6721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rabeh","family":"Abbassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha\u2019il, Ha\u2019il City 81451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9223-694X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bishoy E.","family":"Sedhom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alsokhiry, F., Siano, P., Annuk, A., and Mohamed, M.A. (2022). A Novel Time-of-Use Pricing Based Energy Management System for Smart Home Appliances: Cost-Effective Method. Sustainability, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/su142114556"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khalid, A., Javaid, N., Mateen, A., Khalid, B., Khan, Z.A., and Qasim, U. (2016, January 6\u20138). Demand Side Management Using Hybrid Bacterial Foraging and Genetic Algorithm Optimization Techniques. Proceedings of the 2016 10th International Conference on Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive Systems (CISIS), Fukuoka, Japan.","DOI":"10.1109\/CISIS.2016.128"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19509","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2791546","article-title":"Towards Dynamic Coordination Among Home Appliances Using Multi-Objective Energy Optimization for Demand Side Management in Smart Buildings","volume":"6","author":"Khalid","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2019.101509","article-title":"Coalition based game theoretic energy management system of a building as-service-over fog","volume":"48","author":"Khalid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kemp, N., Siraj, M.S., and Tsiropoulou, E.E. (2023). Coalitional Demand Response Management in Community Energy Management Systems. Energies, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/en16176363"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2022.106475","article-title":"Optimal operation and stochastic scheduling of renewable energy of a microgrid with optimal sizing of battery energy storage considering cost reduction","volume":"59","author":"Rawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Energy Storage"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2022.108850","article-title":"Day-ahead interval scheduling strategy of power systems based on improved adaptive diffusion kernel density estimation","volume":"147","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2022.112764","article-title":"Real-time multi-energy demand response for high-renewable buildings","volume":"281","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2022.109981","article-title":"Microgrid energy management using metaheuristic optimization algorithms","volume":"134","author":"Suresh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.102852","article-title":"Energy management in microgrids including smart homes: A multi-objective approach","volume":"69","author":"Mansouri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2020.106030","article-title":"Stochastic planning and operation of energy hubs considering demand response programs using Benders decomposition approach","volume":"120","author":"Mansouri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.137838","article-title":"A two-stage demand response strategy for multiple scenarios based on deviation compensation","volume":"417","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"102417","article-title":"A novel metaheuristic approach to scale the economic impact of grid participation on a microgrid system","volume":"53","author":"Dey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustain. Energy Technol. Assess."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1007\/s00202-023-01790-x","article-title":"Multi-objective control-based home energy management system with smart energy meter","volume":"105","author":"Kumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Electr. Eng."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.segan.2023.101022","article-title":"Real-time management of distributed multi-energy resources in multi-energy networks","volume":"34","author":"Coelho","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustain. Energy Grids Netw."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wahid, F., Fayaz, M., Aljarbouh, A., Mir, M., and Aamir, M. (2020). Energy Consumption Optimization and User Comfort Maximization in Smart Buildings Using a Hybrid of the Firefly and Genetic Algorithms. Energies, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/en13174363"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"461","article-title":"Minimization of Cost of Energy with Renewable Energy Sources by using Fire-Fly Algorithm","volume":"25","author":"Karimulla","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yousaf, A., Asif, R.M., Shakir, M., Rehman, A.U., Alassery, F., Hamam, H., and Cheikhrouhou, O. (2021). A Novel Machine Learning-Based Price Forecasting for Energy Management Systems. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su132212693"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ullah, H., Khan, M., Hussain, I., Ullah, I., Uthansakul, P., and Khan, N. (2021). An Optimal Energy Management System for University Campus Using the Hybrid Firefly Lion Algorithm (FLA). Energies, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/en14196028"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, L. (2023). Optimal Scheduling Strategy for Multi-Energy Microgrid Considering Integrated Demand Response. Energies, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/en16124694"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2018.07.037","article-title":"A coordinated control of hybrid ac\/dc microgrids with PV-wind-battery under variable generation and load conditions","volume":"104","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2021.11.170","article-title":"Implementation of home energy management system based on reinforcement learning","volume":"8","author":"Haq","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energy Rep."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2022.120061","article-title":"Peer-to-Peer trading with Demand Response using proposed smart bidding strategy","volume":"327","author":"Kanakadhurga","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19999","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3248502","article-title":"Home Energy Management Systems: A Review of the Concept, Architecture, and Scheduling Strategies","volume":"11","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103248","article-title":"Consensus Algorithm-based Coalition Game Theory for Demand Management Scheme in Smart Microgrid. Sustain","volume":"74","author":"Alhasnawi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cities Soc."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nasir, M.B., Hussain, A., Niazi, K.A.K., and Nasir, M. (2022). An Optimal Energy Management System (EMS) for Residential and Industrial Microgrids. Energies, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/en15176266"},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Ahmed, A. (2017). Critical Peak Pricing Based Opportunistic Home Energy Management for Demand Response. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Computer Science, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology]."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Punna, S., Banka, S., and Salkuti, S.R. (2022). Optimal Energy Management Scheme of Battery Supercapacitor-Based Bidirectional Converter for DC Microgrid Applications. Information, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/info13070350"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali, S., Shah, R.A., Malik, F.H., and Hashmi, H.S. (2023, January 17\u201318). Energy Management System in Industrial Microgrids. Proceedings of the 2023 4th International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET), Sukkur, Pakistan.","DOI":"10.1109\/iCoMET57998.2023.10099134"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahmood, Z., Cheng, B., Butt, N.A., Rehman, G.U., Zubair, M., Badshah, A., and Aslam, M. (2023). Efficient Scheduling of Home Energy Management Controller (HEMC) Using Heuristic Optimization Techniques. Sustainability, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/su15021378"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Latif, S.N.A., Shi, J., Salman, H.A., and Tang, Y. (2020). Optimization of Demand-Response-Based Intelligent Home Energy Management System with Binary Backtracking Search Algorithm. Information, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/info11080395"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akinte, O.O., Plangklang, B., Prasartkaew, B., and Aina, T.S. (2023). Energy Storage Management of a Solar Photovoltaic\u2013Biomass Hybrid Power System. Energies, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/en16135122"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asghar, F., Zahid, A., Hussain, M.I., Asghar, F., Amjad, W., and Kim, J.-T. (2022). A Novel Solution for Optimized Energy Management Systems Comprising an AC\/DC Hybrid Microgrid System for Industries. Sustainability, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/su14148788"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alhasnawi, B.N., Jasim, B.H., Alhasnawi, A.N., Sedhom, B.E., Jasim, A.M., Khalili, A., Bure\u0161, V., Burgio, A., and Siano, P. (2022). A Novel Approach to Achieve MPPT for Photovoltaic System Based SCADA. Energies, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/en15228480"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jasim, A.M., Jasim, B.H., Neagu, B.-C., and Alhasnawi, B.N. (2022). Efficient Optimization Algorithm-Based Demand-Side Management Program for Smart Grid Residential Load. Axioms, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/axioms12010033"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iqbal, M.M., Sajjad, M.I.A., Amin, S., Haroon, S.S., Liaqat, R., Khan, M.F.N., Waseem, M., and Shah, M.A. (2019). Optimal Scheduling of Residential Home Appliances by Considering Energy Storage and Stochastically Modelled Photovoltaics in a Grid Exchange Environment Using Hybrid Grey Wolf Genetic Algorithm Optimizer. Appl. Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/app9235226"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fayaz, M., and Kim, D. (2018). Energy Consumption Optimization and User Comfort Management in Residential Buildings Using a Bat Algorithm and Fuzzy Logic. Energies, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/en11010161"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2023.06.053","article-title":"Smart energy management system for minimizing electricity cost and peak to average ratio in residential areas with hybrid genetic flower pollination algorithm","volume":"77","author":"Mateen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alex. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alhasnawi, B.N., Jasim, B.H., Issa, W., and Esteban, M.D. (2020). A Novel Cooperative Controller for Inverters of Smart Hybrid AC\/DC Microgrids. Appl. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/app10176120"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2022.12.030","article-title":"Renewable-based microgrids\u2019 energy management using smart deep learning techniques: Realistic digital twin case","volume":"250","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sol. Energy"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2022.04.006","article-title":"Home energy management system considering effective demand response strategies and uncertainties","volume":"8","author":"Kamel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energy Rep."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alhasnawi, B., Jasim, B., Rahman, Z.-A., Guerrero, J., and Esteban, M. (2021). A Novel Internet of Energy Based Optimal Multi-Agent Control Scheme for Microgrid including Renewable Energy Resources. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18158146"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ullah, K., Khan, T.A., Hafeez, G., Khan, I., Murawwat, S., Alamri, B., Ali, F., Ali, S., and Khan, S. (2022). Demand Side Management Strategy for Multi-Objective Day-Ahead Scheduling Considering Wind Energy in Smart Grid. Energies, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/en15196900"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2023.05.051","article-title":"Renewable energy effects on energy management based on demand response in microgrids environment","volume":"213","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, W., Qiao, H., Xu, X., Chen, J., Xiao, J., Zhang, K., Long, Y., and Zuo, Y. (2022, January 9). Energy management in microgrid based on deep reinforcement learning with expert knowledge. Proceedings of the SPIE 12492, International Workshop on Automation, Control, and Communication Engineering (IWACCE 2022), 124920Z, Wuhan, China.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2662727"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ngo, V.Q., Al-Haddad, K., and Nguyen, K.K. (2020, January 26\u201327). Particle Swarm Optimization\u2014Model Predictive Control for Microgrid Energy Management. Proceedings of the 2020 Zooming Innovation in Consumer Technologies Conference (ZINC), Novi Sad, Serbia.","DOI":"10.1109\/ZINC50678.2020.9161790"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104642","article-title":"Coordinated smart home energy sharing with a centralized neighbourhood energy management","volume":"96","author":"Lokeshgupta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meteab, W.K., Alsultani, S.A.H., and Jurado, F. (2023). Energy Management of Microgrids with a Smart Charging Strategy for Electric Vehicles Using an Improved RUN Optimizer. Energies, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/en16166038"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2015.10.008","article-title":"Power demand control scenarios for smart grid applications with finite number of appliances","volume":"162","author":"Vardakas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2016.2521377","article-title":"Efficient Computation for Sparse Load Shifting in Demand Side Management","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Smart Grid"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alhasnawi, B.N., Jasim, B.H., Siano, P., Alhelou, H.H., and Al-Hinai, A. (2022). A Novel Solution for Day-Ahead Scheduling Problems Using the IoT-Based Bald Eagle Search Optimization Algorithm. Inventions, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/inventions7030048"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vagdoda, J., Makwana, D., Adhikaree, A., Faika, T., and Kim, T. (2018, January 24). A Cloud-Based Multiagent System Platform for Residential Microgrids Towards Smart Grid Community. Proceedings of the IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM), Portland, OR, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/PESGM.2018.8586459"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2022.108902","article-title":"Coordinated optimization scheduling operation of integrated energy system considering demand response and carbon trading mechanism","volume":"147","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4688","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2020.3006883","article-title":"Peer-to-Peer Control for Networked Microgrids: Multi-Layer and Multi-Agent Architecture Design","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Smart Grid"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2018.2797533","article-title":"Green Energy Scheduling for Demand Side Management in the Smart Grid","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Green Commun. Netw."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alhasnawi, B.N., and Jasim, B.H. (2018, January 14\u201315). SCADA controlled smart home using Raspberry Pi3. Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Advance of Sustainable Engineering and Its Application (ICASEA), Wasit-Kut, Iraq.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASEA.2018.8370946"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2805899","article-title":"A fog-based internet of energy architecture for transactive energy management systems","volume":"5","author":"Moghaddam","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"3903","article-title":"A New Energy Management System of On-Grid\/off-Grid Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System","volume":"15","author":"Alhasnawi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Eng. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1002\/er.6141","article-title":"Internet of things and cloud computing-based energy management system for demand side management in smart grid","volume":"45","author":"Hashmi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Energy Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2019.113516","article-title":"Implementation of a novel multi-agent system for demand response management in low-voltage distribution networks","volume":"253","author":"Davarzani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"586","article-title":"A Novel Hierarchical Energy Management System Based on Optimization for Multi-Microgrid","volume":"12","author":"Alhasnawi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Electr. Eng. Inform."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2018.12.020","article-title":"A multi-agent based optimization of residential and industrial demand response aggregators","volume":"107","author":"Golmohamadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2017.07.056","article-title":"Multi-objective demand response to real-time prices (RTP) using a task scheduling methodology","volume":"138","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"Khalid, A. (2018). Towards Energy Efficiency in Smart Buildings Exploiting Dynamic Coordination among Appliances and Homes. [Ph.D. Thesis, Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad]."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdelghany, M.B., Mariani, V., Liuzza, D., and Glielmo, L. (2023). Hierarchical model predictive control for islanded and grid-connected microgrids with wind generation and hydrogen energy storage systems. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2023.08.056"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2017.015014","article-title":"A smart home energy management system using IoT and big data analytics approach","volume":"63","author":"Zualkernan","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"101272","article-title":"A new internet of things enabled trust distributed demand side management system","volume":"46","author":"Alhasnawi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sustain. Energy Technol. Assess."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2016.12.052","article-title":"Real time optimal schedule controller for home energy management system using new binary backtracking search algorithm","volume":"138","author":"Ahmed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asej.2022.101835","article-title":"Optimal load shedding scheme using grasshopper optimization algorithm for islanded power system with distributed energy resources","volume":"14","author":"Ahmadipour","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ain Shams Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahapatra, C., Moharana, A.K., and Leung, V.C.M. (2017). Energy Management in Smart Cities Based on Internet of Things: Peak Demand Reduction and Energy Savings. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17122812"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alhasnawi, B., Jasim, B., Siano, P., and Guerrero, J. (2021). A Novel Real-Time Electricity Scheduling for Home Energy Management System Using the Internet of Energy. Energies, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/en14113191"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2015.2471260","article-title":"Energy Management-as-a-Service Over Fog Computing Platform","volume":"3","author":"Vatanparvar","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2828144","article-title":"Implemented IoT based self-learning home management system (SHMS) for Singapore","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148821","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3124557","article-title":"An Efficient Energy Management in Smart Grid Considering Demand Response Program and Renewable Energy Sources","volume":"9","author":"Rehman","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2022.104814","article-title":"Advanced energy management strategy for microgrid using real-time monitoring interface","volume":"52","author":"Ullah","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Energy Storage"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bui, K.-H.N., Jung, J.J., and Camacho, D. (2018). Consensual Negotiation-Based Decision Making for Connected Appliances in Smart Home Management Systems. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18072206"},{"key":"ref_77","first-page":"1","article-title":"A new communication platform for smart EMS using a mixed-integer-linear-programming","volume":"5","author":"Alhasnawi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy Syst."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53832","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3174586","article-title":"Demand Response Program for Efficient Demand-Side Management in Smart Grid Considering Renewable Energy Sources","volume":"10","author":"Ali","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nadeem, Z., Asad, W., and Javaid, N. (2018). Towards Real-Time Opportunistic Energy Efficient Scheduling of the Home Appliances for Demand Side Management Using Evolutionary Techniques. [Master\u2019s Thesis, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST)].","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-93659-8_73"},{"key":"ref_80","unstructured":"Feroze, F. (2017). Towards Enhancing Demand Side Management Using Evolutionary Techniques in Smart Grid. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Electrical Engineering, C SATS Institute of Information Technology]."},{"key":"ref_81","unstructured":"Iqbal, Z. (2018). On Optimizing Energy Consumption with Combined Operations of Microgrids for Demand Side Management in Smart Homes. [Ph.D. Thesis, University Institute of Information Technology Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University]."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esr.2023.101135","article-title":"A novel economic dispatch in the stand-alone system using improved butterfly optimization algorithm","volume":"49","author":"Alhasnawi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy Strategy Rev."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramalingam, S.P., and Shanmugam, P.K. (2022). Hardware Implementation of a Home Energy Management System Using Remodeled Sperm Swarm Optimization (RMSSO) Algorithm. Energies, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/en15145008"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2020.106674","article-title":"IoT-based optimal demand-side management and control scheme for smart microgrid","volume":"127","author":"Sedhom","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alhasnawi, B.N., Jasim, B.H., and Esteban, M.D. (2020). A New Robust Energy Management and Control Strategy for a Hybrid Microgrid System Based on Green Energy. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12145724"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37428","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2975233","article-title":"Blockchain Enabled Distributed Demand Side Management in Community Energy System with Smart Homes","volume":"8","author":"Afzal","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alhasnawi, B.N., Jasim, B.H., Esteban, M.D., and Guerrero, J.M. (2020). A Novel Smart Energy Management as a Service over a Cloud Computing Platform for Nanogrid Appliances. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12229686"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khalid, A., Javaid, N., Mateen, A., Ilahi, M., Saba, T., and Rehman, A. (2019). Enhanced Time-of-Use Electricity Price Rate Using Game Theory. Electronics, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics8010048"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1049\/rpg2.12466","article-title":"A new Internet of Things based optimization scheme of residential demand side management system","volume":"16","author":"Alhasnawi","year":"2022","journal-title":"IET Renew. Power Gener."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2020.106477","article-title":"Optimal GWCSO-based home appliances scheduling for demand response considering end-users comfort","volume":"187","author":"Waseem","year":"2020","journal-title":"Electr. Power Syst. Res."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375358","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/375358","article-title":"An Improved Cockroach Swarm Optimization","volume":"2014","author":"Obagbuwa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Satapathy, S., Mandal, J., Udgata, S., and Bhateja, V. (2016). Information Systems Design and Intelligent Applications. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-81-322-2757-1"}],"container-title":["Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/14\/10\/521\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:58:00Z","timestamp":1760129880000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/14\/10\/521"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["info14100521"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/info14100521","relation":{},"ISSN":["2078-2489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2078-2489","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]}}}