{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T19:03:52Z","timestamp":1770750232724,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,7]],"date-time":"2024-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62202375"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62202375"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021MJ-514"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021MJ-514"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022JQ-604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JQ-604"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["20220134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220134"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province","award":["62202375"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62202375"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province","award":["2021MJ-514"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021MJ-514"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province","award":["2022JQ-604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JQ-604"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province","award":["20220134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220134"]}]},{"name":"Young Talent Fund of Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi, China","award":["62202375"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62202375"]}]},{"name":"Young Talent Fund of Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi, China","award":["2021MJ-514"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021MJ-514"]}]},{"name":"Young Talent Fund of Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi, China","award":["2022JQ-604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JQ-604"]}]},{"name":"Young Talent Fund of Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi, China","award":["20220134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220134"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Revocable attribute-based encryption (RABE) provides greater flexibility and fine-grained access control for data sharing. However, the revocation process for most RABE schemes today is performed by the cloud storage provider (CSP). Since the CSP is an honest and curious third party, there is no guarantee that the plaintext data corresponding to the new ciphertext after revocation is the same as the original plaintext data. In addition, most attribute-based encryption schemes suffer from issues related to key escrow. To overcome the aforementioned issues, we present an efficient RABE scheme that supports data integrity while also addressing the key escrow issue. We demonstrate the security for our system, which is reduced to the decisional q-parallel bilinear Diffie-Hellman exponent (q-PBDHE) assumption and discrete logarithm (DL) assumption. The performance analysis illustrates that our scheme is efficient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info15010032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T05:21:38Z","timestamp":1704691298000},"page":"32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Efficient Revocable Attribute-Based Encryption with Data Integrity and Key Escrow-Free"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Meijuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Information Science, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji 721013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yutian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Information Science, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji 721013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanqi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyberspace Security, Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi\u2019an 710121, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingrui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Software Engineering Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2019.2937764","article-title":"Cryptographic Solutions for Cloud Storage: Challenges and Research Opportunities","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9514","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2023.3241198","article-title":"TFS-ABS: Traceable and Forward-Secure Attribute-based Signature Scheme with Constant-Size","volume":"35","author":"Kang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3224","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2021.3096420","article-title":"Efficient Attribute Based Server-Aided Verification Signature","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trans. Serv. Comput."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Sahai, A., and Waters, B. (2005, January 22\u201326). Fuzzy Identity-Based Encryption. Proceedings of the International Conference on Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques (EUROCRYPT), Aarhus, Denmark."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bethencourt, J., Sahai, A., and Waters, B. (2007, January 20\u201323). Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption. Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP\u201907), Berkeley, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2007.11"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Goyal, V., Pandey, O., Sahai, A., and Waters, B. (November, January 30). Attribute-based encryption for fine-grained access control of encrypted data. Proceedings of the 13th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS), Alexandria, VA, USA."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2017.2667679","article-title":"User Collusion Avoidance CP-ABE with Efficient Attribute Revocation for Cloud Storage","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Syst. J."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Pirretti, M., Traynor, P., McDaniel, P., and Waters, B. (November, January 30). Secure Attribute-Based Systems. Proceedings of the 13th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS), Alexandria, VA, USA."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2016.2520932","article-title":"Flexible and Fine-Grained Attribute-Based Data Storage in Cloud Computing","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, J.K., Yuen, T.H., Zhang, P., and Liang, K. (2018, January 2\u20134). Time-based Direct Revocable Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption with Short Revocation List. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Applied Cryptography and Network Security (ACNS), Leuven, Belgium.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-93387-0_27"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiang, G., Li, B., Fu, X., Xia, M., and Ke, W. (2019, January 21\u201322). An Attribute Revocable CP-ABE Scheme. Proceedings of the 2019 Seventh International Conference on Advanced Cloud and Big Data (CBD), Suzhou, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/CBD.2019.00044"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2579","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2021.3058758","article-title":"Comments on \u201cAttribute-Based Data Sharing Scheme Revisited in Cloud Computing\u201d","volume":"16","author":"Lan","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3097","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3094323","article-title":"Unbounded and Efficient Revocable Attribute-Based Encryption with Adaptive Security for Cloud-Assisted Internet of Things","volume":"9","author":"Xiong","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Int. Things J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2022.12.052","article-title":"An efficient and revocable attribute-based data sharing scheme with rich expression and escrow freedom","volume":"624","author":"Lan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sahai, A., Seyalioglu, H., and Waters, B. (2012, January 19\u201323). Dynamic credentials and ciphertext delegation for attribute-based encryption. Proceedings of the 32nd Annual International Cryptology Conference (CRYPTO), Santa Barbara, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-32009-5_13"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2019.03.053","article-title":"(Dual) server-aided revocable attribute-based encryption with decryption key exposure resistance","volume":"490","author":"Qin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, J., Susilo, W., Baek, J., Nepal, S., and Liu, D. (2019, January 3\u20135). Ciphertext-delegatable CP-ABE for a Dynamic Credential: A Modular Approach. Proceedings of the Australasian Conference on Information Security and Privacy (ACISP), Christchurch, New Zealand.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-21548-4_1"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"1","article-title":"CP-ABE-based secure and verifiable data deletion in cloud","volume":"2021","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Secur. Commun. Netw."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2020.2977646","article-title":"A Traceable and Revocable Ciphertext-policy Attribute-based Encryption Scheme Based on Privacy Protection","volume":"19","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Dependable Secur. Comput."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22251","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-022-13537-0","article-title":"Flexible revocation in ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption with verifiable ciphertext delegation","volume":"82","author":"Deng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2864","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2021.3065999","article-title":"Revocable Attribute-Based Encryption with Data Integrity in Clouds","volume":"19","author":"Ge","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Depend. Secure Comput."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waters, B. (2011, January 6\u20139). Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption: An Expressive, Efficient, and Provably Secure Realization. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Practice and Theory in Public Key Cryptography (PKC), Taormina, Italy.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-19379-8_4"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chase, M., and Chow, S. (2009, January 9\u201313). Improving privacy and security in multi-authority attribute-based encryption. Proceedings of the 16th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS), Chicago, IL, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/1653662.1653678"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Varri, U., Pasupuleti, S., and Kadambari, K.V. (2020, January 11\u201314). Key-Escrow Free Attribute-Based Multi-Keyword Search with Dynamic Policy Update in Cloud Computing. Proceedings of the 2020 20th IEEE\/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Internet Computing (CCGRID), Melbourne, VIC, Australia.","DOI":"10.1109\/CCGrid49817.2020.00-48"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2011.78","article-title":"Improving Security and Efficiency in Attribute-Based Data Sharing","volume":"25","author":"Hur","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2022.03.081","article-title":"Key escrow-free attribute-based encryption with user revocation","volume":"600","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2020.3043950","article-title":"Efficient CP-ABE Scheme with Shared Decryption in Cloud Storage","volume":"71","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Comput."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1109\/TCC.2020.2975184","article-title":"Attribute Based Encryption with Privacy Protection and Accountability for CloudIoT","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cloud Comput."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"102503","article-title":"Multi-Authority CP-ABE-Based user access control scheme with constant-size key and ciphertext for IOT deployment","volume":"53","author":"Banerjee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Inf. Secur. Appl."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"102556","article-title":"Multi authority ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption for security enhancement in cloud storage unit","volume":"53","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustain. Energy Technol. Assess."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2023.3234210","article-title":"Revocable Blockchain-Aided Attribute-Based Encryption with Escrow-Free in Cloud Storage","volume":"72","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Comput."}],"container-title":["Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/15\/1\/32\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:41:44Z","timestamp":1760103704000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/15\/1\/32"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,7]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["info15010032"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/info15010032","relation":{},"ISSN":["2078-2489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2078-2489","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,7]]}}}