{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T15:18:59Z","timestamp":1780586339939,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2023YFC3306400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3306400"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["62273007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62273007"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFC3306400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3306400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62273007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62273007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objects thrown from tall buildings in communities are characterized by their small size, inconspicuous features, and high speed. Existing algorithms for detecting such objects face challenges, including excessive parameters, overly complex models that are difficult to implement, and insufficient detection accuracy. This study proposes a lightweight detection model for objects thrown from tall buildings in communities, named S-YOLOv5, to address these issues. The model is based on the YOLOv5 algorithm, and a lightweight convolutional neural network, Enhanced ShuffleNet (ESNet), is chosen as the backbone network to extract image features. On this basis, the initial stage of the backbone network is enhanced and the simplified attention module (SimAM) attention mechanism is added to utilize the rich position information and contour information in the shallow feature map to improve the detection of small targets. For feature fusion, the sparsely connected Path Aggregation Network (SCPANet) module is designed to use sparsely connected convolution (SCConv) instead of the regular convolution of the Path Aggregation Network (PANet) to fuse features efficiently. In addition, the model uses the normalized Wasserstein distance (NWD) loss function to reduce the sensitivity of positional bias. The accuracy of the model is further improved. Test results from the self-built objects thrown from tall buildings dataset show that S-YOLOv5 can detect objects thrown from tall buildings quickly and accurately, with an accuracy of 90.2% and a detection rate of 34.1 Fps\/s. Compared with the original YOLOv5 model, the parameters are reduced by 87.3%, and the accuracy and rate are improved by 0.8% and 63%, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info15040188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]],"date-time":"2024-03-31T13:32:56Z","timestamp":1711891976000},"page":"188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["S-YOLOv5: A Lightweight Model for Detecting Objects Thrown from Tall Buildings in Communities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yuntao","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Control Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China"},{"name":"Key Lab of Field Bus and Automation of Beijing, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Control Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China"},{"name":"Key Lab of Field Bus and Automation of Beijing, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4224-3783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Control Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China"},{"name":"Key Lab of Field Bus and Automation of Beijing, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Control Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China"},{"name":"Key Lab of Field Bus and Automation of Beijing, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Control Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China"},{"name":"Key Lab of Field Bus and Automation of Beijing, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuqin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Control Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China"},{"name":"Key Lab of Field Bus and Automation of Beijing, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Control Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China"},{"name":"Key Lab of Field Bus and Automation of Beijing, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1177\/03611981231163824","article-title":"Artificial intelligence-aided grade crossing safety violation detection methodology and a case study in new jersey","volume":"2677","author":"Zaman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transp. 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