{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:21:13Z","timestamp":1760145673783,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,21]],"date-time":"2024-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Natural Science Foundation Joint Guidance Project","award":["LH2023F042","zd-2024-34"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LH2023F042","zd-2024-34"]}]},{"name":"Daqing guiding science and technology project","award":["LH2023F042","zd-2024-34"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LH2023F042","zd-2024-34"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), IoT nodes with limited energy and computing capability are no longer able to address increasingly complex computational tasks. To address this issue, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-assisted Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) system is proposed in this study. By jointly optimizing variables such as energy harvesting time, user transmission power, user offloading time, CPU frequency, and UAV deployment location, the system aims to maximize the number of computation bits by the users. This optimization yields a challenging non-convex optimization problem. To address these issues, a two-stage alternating method based on the Lagrangian dual method and the Successive Convex Approximation (SCA) method is proposed to decompose the initial problem into two sub-problems. Firstly, the UAV position is fixed to obtain the optimal values of other variables, and then the UAV position is optimized based on the solved variables. Finally, this iterative process continues until the algorithm convergences, and the optimal solution for the given problem is obtained. The simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm exhibits good convergence. Compared to other benchmark solutions, the proposed approach performs optimally in maximizing computation bits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info15080503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T12:53:19Z","timestamp":1724417599000},"page":"503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Approach for Maximizing Computation Bits in UAV-Assisted Wireless Powered Mobile Edge Computing Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4695-6038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenbo","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6126-0706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunge","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8804-4440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2022.3188752","article-title":"Energy consumption and sustainable services in intelligent reflecting surface and unmanned aerial vehicles-assisted MEC system for large-scale Internet of Things devices","volume":"6","author":"Asim","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Green Commun. Netw."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2961","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2849509","article-title":"Survey on multi-access edge computing for internet of things realization","volume":"20","author":"Porambage","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2017.2785305","article-title":"Joint offloading and computing optimization in wireless powered mobile-edge computing systems","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8373","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3094584","article-title":"CoSMoS: Cooperative sky-ground mobile edge computing system","volume":"70","author":"Joo","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2018.2794345","article-title":"Wireless powered cooperation-assisted mobile edge computing","volume":"17","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6757","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2685434","article-title":"A survey on mobile edge networks: Convergence of computing, caching and communications","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2019.2899366","article-title":"Detecting prosumer-community groups in smart grids from the multiagent perspective","volume":"49","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man, Cybern. Syst."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, D., Wang, F., Cao, X., and Xu, J. (2018, January 9\u201313). Wireless powered user cooperative computation in mobile edge computing systems. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOMW.2018.8644186"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2218","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2018.2790384","article-title":"Robust transmit beamforming with artificial redundant signals for secure SWIPT system under non-linear EH model","volume":"17","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-022-02934-w","article-title":"Trajectory optimization for the UAV assisted data collection in wireless sensor networks","volume":"28","author":"Saxena","year":"2022","journal-title":"Wirel. Netw."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2014.2368999","article-title":"Wireless networks with RF energy harvesting: A contemporary survey","volume":"17","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.2964765","article-title":"Optimal energy allocation and task offloading policy for wireless powered mobile edge computing systems","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2902559","article-title":"Energy minimization for wireless communication with rotary-wing UAV","volume":"18","author":"Zeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s13634-023-01006-1","article-title":"Intelligent computing for WPT\u2013MEC-aided multi-source data stream","volume":"2023","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182303","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-020-2925-1","article-title":"Resource optimization in wireless powered cooperative mobile edge computing systems","volume":"64","author":"Ye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. China Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4177","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2018.2821664","article-title":"Computation rate maximization for wireless powered mobile-edge computing with binary computation offloading","volume":"17","author":"Bi","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2020.3020474","article-title":"Energy-efficient cooperative communication and computation for wireless powered mobile-edge computing","volume":"16","author":"Mao","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Syst. J."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2777","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2958975","article-title":"UAV-assisted wireless powered cooperative mobile edge computing: Joint offloading, CPU control, and trajectory optimization","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, S., Zhang, X., Xiao, H., Li, Z., and Zhang, H. (2022). Double-Layer Mobile Edge Computing-Enabled Power Line Inspection in Smart Grid Networks. Information, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/info13040167"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, Z., Liu, J., Guo, Y., Dong, Y., and He, Z. (2023). Learning-Based Collaborative Computation Offloading in UAV-Assisted Multi-Access Edge Computing. Electronics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics12204371"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2017.2706308","article-title":"Mobile edge computing via a UAV-mounted cloudlet: Optimization of bit allocation and path planning","volume":"67","author":"Jeong","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491389","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2491389","article-title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Dynamic Offloading Management in UAV-Assisted MEC System","volume":"2022","author":"Tian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4738","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2928539","article-title":"UAV-assisted relaying and edge computing: Scheduling and trajectory optimization","volume":"18","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, Y., Zhang, T., Yang, D., and Xiao, L. (2021, January 14\u201323). UAV-assisted relaying and MEC networks: Resource allocation and 3D deployment. Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops), Montreal, QC, Canada.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473550"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.108857","article-title":"An UAV-assisted mobile edge computing offloading strategy for minimizing energy consumption","volume":"207","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5092","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2018.2838134","article-title":"UAV-enabled wireless power transfer: Trajectory design and energy optimization","volume":"17","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2018.2864426","article-title":"Computation rate maximization in UAV-enabled wireless-powered mobile-edge computing systems","volume":"36","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2022.101861","article-title":"Time allocation improvement method for UAV-based wireless energy transfer cooperative mobile edge","volume":"55","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phys. Commun."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"899","article-title":"Energy consumption optimization in UAV wireless power transfer based mobile edge computing system","volume":"44","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Electron. Inf."}],"container-title":["Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/15\/8\/503\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:40:06Z","timestamp":1760110806000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/15\/8\/503"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,21]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["info15080503"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/info15080503","relation":{},"ISSN":["2078-2489"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2078-2489"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,21]]}}}