{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:49:24Z","timestamp":1774313364794,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia","award":["KFU241956"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KFU241956"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the rapidly changing environment of the tourism business, building digital trust and rapport has appeared as a critical factor for sustaining profitable customer relationships and confirming long-term business survival. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the research landscape with respect to digital trust and rapport establishment within the tourism context using techniques for bibliometric analysis in conjunction with visualization. This research paper explores publication trends, identifies key journals and authors, and determines the most productive countries, academic institutions, and primary research keywords. It involves analyzing publications from the Scopus database focusing on the duration between 2014 and 2023. The findings show that the digital trust and rapport-building literature expands its importance within the tourism industry due to factors such as competition pressure; customers\u2019 high expectations; the incorporation of technology; and, most recently, the occurrence of pandemics like the COVID-19 pandemic. The US, in particular, can be identified as the most productive country in this research area. The International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management and the International Journal of Hospitality Management appear to be popular scientific publications on this topic. They present the following main research themes: customer engagement, employee conduct, and technology in the construction of trust. This study also underscores the practical role of the findings in successful endeavors within the field, detailing how cultural sensitivity, technological incorporation, and accessibility in service provision would contribute to building digital trust with international customers. Potential future research directions are proposed to advance the understanding of culture, technology, the effects of crises, and the application of other research methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info15100598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T07:19:37Z","timestamp":1727680777000},"page":"598","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Building Digital Trust and Rapport in the Tourism Industry: A Bibliometric Analysis and Detailed Overview"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7800-0428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim A.","family":"Elshaer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management, College of Business Administration, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsaa 380, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Hotel Studies Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7502-4064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mansour","family":"Alyahya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management, College of Business Administration, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsaa 380, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9380-1779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alaa M. S.","family":"Azazz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Arts College, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsaa 380, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Tourism Studies Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1033-3485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Ali Shabeeb","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Accounting, College of Business Administration, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsaa 380, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Eslam Ahmed","family":"Fathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hotel Management Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management, Pharos University in Alexandria, Canal El mahmoudia Street, Beside Green Plaza Complex, Alexandria 21648, Egypt"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2911-6379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amr Mohamed","family":"Fouad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hotel Management Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management, Pharos University in Alexandria, Canal El mahmoudia Street, Beside Green Plaza Complex, Alexandria 21648, Egypt"}]},{"given":"Shimaa Abo Elsoad Mohamed","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospitality Management Department, High Institute of Tourism, Hotels &Computer Science, Seyouf, Alexandria 21511, Egypt"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6947-3146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sameh","family":"Fayyad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hotel Studies Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"},{"name":"Hotel Management Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, October 6 University, Giza 12573, Egypt"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kyrylov, Y., Hranovska, V., Boiko, V., Kwilinski, A., and Boiko, L. (2020). International Tourism Development in the Context of Increasing Globalization Risks: On the Example of Ukraine\u2019s Integration into the Global Tourism Industry. J. Risk Financ. Manag., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jrfm13120303"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1108\/JTF-10-2019-0106","article-title":"Millennial Travel: Tourism Micro-Trends of European Generation Y","volume":"7","author":"Ketter","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Tour. Futures"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2021.07.059","article-title":"Role of Tourism and Hospitality Business in Economic Development","volume":"80","author":"Thommandru","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Today Proc."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1108\/IJCHM-06-2021-0822","article-title":"Group Diversity and Employee Service Innovative Behavior in the Hospitality Industry: A Multilevel Model","volume":"34","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Contemp. Hosp. Manag."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"247","article-title":"Enhancing Hospitality Experience with Service Robots: The Mediating Role of Rapport Building","volume":"29","author":"Qiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Mark. Manag."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s40558-022-00222-z","article-title":"Deep Learning Model Based on Expectation-Confirmation Theory to Predict Customer Satisfaction in Hospitality Service","volume":"24","author":"Oh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inf. Technol. Tour."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hwang, J., Lee, K.-W., and Kim, S. (2021). The Antecedents and Consequences of Rapport between Customers and Salespersons in the Tourism Industry. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su13052783"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caligiuri, P., De Cieri, H., Minbaeva, D., Verbeke, A., and Zimmermann, A. (2022). International HRM Insights for Navigating the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Future Research and Practice. International HRM Insights for Navigating the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Future Research and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-80383-4_17"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhm.2021.102944","article-title":"A Bibliometric Analysis of Trust in the Field of Hospitality and Tourism","volume":"95","author":"Sousa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Hosp. Manag."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1108\/APJML-09-2012-0092","article-title":"Roles of Customer Involvement in Rapport and Satisfaction","volume":"25","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Mark. Logist."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"1","article-title":"How Service Quality, Guest Trust and Guest Satisfaction Affect a Five-Star Hotel\u2019s Reputation in Thailand","volume":"8","author":"Supanun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Afr. J. Hosp. Tour. Leis."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1108\/IJOA-12-2020-2517","article-title":"\u201cGoing beyond to Deliver Hip Hospitality\u201d: Exploring Motivation and Job Satisfaction of Hospitality Workers in Dubai","volume":"31","author":"Valk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Organ. Anal."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhm.2021.102939","article-title":"Commercial Hospitality in Tourism: A Global Comparison of What Culturally Matters","volume":"95","author":"Walters","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Hosp. Manag."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi, H.S., and Jo, D.H. (2021). The Effects of Rapport-Building on Customer Attitude and Loyalty in Medical Service. Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel\/Distributed Computing, Proceedings of the 21st SNPD 2021 Conference, Hochimin City, Vietnam, 28\u201330 January 2021, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-67008-5_9"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1080\/09585192.2022.2035161","article-title":"Artificial Intelligence\u2014Challenges and Opportunities for International HRM: A Review and Research Agenda","volume":"33","author":"Budhwar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum. Resour. Manag."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1080\/19388160.2020.1807432","article-title":"Intercultural Communication Competency Practices in the Hotel Industry","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. China Tour. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"204","article-title":"Intercultural Communication Challenges and Strategies for the Thai Undergraduate Hotel Interns","volume":"59","author":"Jhaiyanuntana","year":"2020","journal-title":"PASAA J. Lang. Teach. Learn. Thail."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhm.2014.06.004","article-title":"Managing Language Barriers in the Workplace: The Roles of Job Demands and Resources on Turnover Intentions","volume":"42","author":"Madera","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Hosp. Manag."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pl\u00e1cido, B., Proen\u00e7a, S., Moreira, D., Bou\u00e7\u00e3o, L., Branco, F., and Au-Yong-Oliveira, M. (2021). E-Commerce During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Exploratory Study Involving Portuguese Consumers. Trends and Applications in Information Systems and Technologies, Proceedings of the 9th World Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (WorldCIST\u201921), Azores, Portugal, 30 March\u20132 April 2021, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-72654-6_41"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2021.04.070","article-title":"How to Conduct a Bibliometric Analysis: An Overview and Guidelines","volume":"133","author":"Donthu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhtm.2014.01.001","article-title":"Consumer Trust in Tourism and Hospitality: A Review of the Literature","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Tour. Manag."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhm.2022.103385","article-title":"The Relationship between Hospitality and Trust among Stakeholders: A Study in Veterinary Clinics and Hospitals","volume":"112","author":"Rocha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Hosp. Manag."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"95","article-title":"Mechanisms of Consumers\u2019 Trust Development in Reviewers\u2019 Supplementary Reviews: A Reviewer-Reader Similarity Perspective","volume":"31","author":"Akhtar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tour. Manag. Perspect."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-020-03387-8","article-title":"A Tale of Two Databases: The Use of Web of Science and Scopus in Academic Papers","volume":"123","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elshaer, I.A., Azazz, A.M.S., Zayed, M.A., Ameen, F.A., Fayyad, S., Fouad, A.M., Khalil, N.I., and Fathy, E.A. (2024). Innovating Gastronomy through Information Technology: A Bibliometric Analysis of 3D Food Printing for Present and Future Research. Information, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/info15080471"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1108\/IJCHM-10-2016-0568","article-title":"An Assessment of the Use of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) in Hospitality Research","volume":"30","author":"Ali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Contemp. Hosp. Manag."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhm.2008.06.011","article-title":"The Impact of Online User Reviews on Hotel Room Sales","volume":"28","author":"Ye","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Hosp. Manag."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aristovnik, A., Ker\u017ei\u010d, D., Rav\u0161elj, D., Toma\u017eevi\u010d, N., and Umek, L. (2020). Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Life of Higher Education Students: A Global Perspective. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202008.0246.v1"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1177\/1938965510362871","article-title":"The Human Dimension: A Review of Human Resources Management Issues in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry","volume":"51","author":"Kusluvan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cornell Hosp. Q."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1080\/13683500.2013.827159","article-title":"Airbnb: Disruptive Innovation and the Rise of an Informal Tourism Accommodation Sector","volume":"18","author":"Guttentag","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Tour."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2008.01.005","article-title":"Progress in Information Technology and Tourism Management: 20 Years on and 10 Years after the Internet\u2014The State of ETourism Research","volume":"29","author":"Buhalis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tour. Manag."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"527","article-title":"Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Hospitality Industry: Review of the Current Situations and a Research Agenda","volume":"29","author":"Gursoy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Mark. Manag."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Tourism Impact of Ebola in Africa: Lessons on Crisis Management","volume":"8","author":"Maphanga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Afr. J. Hosp. Tour. Leis."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"27","article-title":"What Do We Know about Social Media in Tourism? A Review","volume":"10","author":"Zeng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tour. Manag. Perspect."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhtm.2018.03.005","article-title":"Cultural Tourism: A Review of Recent Research and Trends","volume":"36","author":"Richards","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Tour. Manag."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Official Website of the International Trade Administration (2024, September 26). NTTO Releases International Travel Statistics for 2023, Available online: https:\/\/www.trade.gov\/feature-article\/ntto-releases-international-travel-statistics-2023."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Tourism Academy (2024, September 26). U.S. Travel & Tourism Statistics 2023. Available online: https:\/\/blog.tourismacademy.org\/u.s.-travel-tourism-statistics-2023."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"WTTC (2024, September 26). WTTC Reveals U.S. Travel & Tourism Sector Exceeding Previous Records Despite Slow Return of International Spend. Available online: https:\/\/wttc.org\/news-article\/2024-wttc-reveals-us-travel-tourism-sector-exceeding-previous-records."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Statista (2024, September 26). Overseas Visitor Arrivals in China from 2010 to 2023. Available online: https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/234785\/international-tourists-arrivals-in-china\/."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"CGTN (2024, September 26). Graphics: China\u2019s Tourism Industry Sees Strong Recovery in 2023. Available online: https:\/\/news.cgtn.com\/news\/2023-12-30\/Graphics-China-s-tourism-industry-sees-strong-recovery-in-2023-1pXIPQAjhEA\/p.html."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Condor Ferries (2024, September 26). Explore UK Tourism Trends & Statistics on Inbound Tourism, Spend, Employment, Popular Tourist Destinations & More!. Available online: https:\/\/www.condorferries.co.uk\/uk-tourism-statistics."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Bulbul Dhawan, S. (2024, September 26). Spending by Foreign Tourists Soars, India\u2019s Latest Economic Survey States\u2014India Report. Available online: https:\/\/skift.com\/2024\/07\/22\/spending-by-foreign-tourists-soars-indias-latest-economic-survey-states-india-report\/."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Keelery, S. (2024, September 26). Distribution of Revenue from Tourism to GDP in India from 2013 to 2023, by Segment. Available online: https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/313577\/distribution-of-direct-travel-and-tourism-gdp-in-india-by-spend-type\/."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"ETIAS.COM (2024, September 26). Spain\u2019s Tourism Industry Soars to New Heights in 2023. Available online: https:\/\/etias.com\/articles\/2023-spain-tourism-success-story."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"La Moncloa (2024, September 26). Jordi Hereu Confirms a Record 2023 for Tourism: More than 84 Million International Tourists and 108 Billion Euros in Spending. Available online: https:\/\/www.lamoncloa.gob.es\/lang\/en\/gobierno\/news\/Paginas\/2024\/20240119_tourism-record.aspx."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Minister for Trade and Tourism Special Minister of State (2024, September 26). Australian Tourism Continues to Recover, Available online: https:\/\/www.trademinister.gov.au\/minister\/don-farrell\/media-release\/australian-tourism-continues-recover."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Hoi-ying, L.L.E. (2024, September 26). Hong Kong to Roll out MTR Discounts, Cheap Film Tickets for National Day \u2018Golden Week\u2019 Break. Available online: https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/?module=masthead&pgtype=article."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Blazyte, A. (2024, September 26). Number of Visitor Arrivals in Hong Kong from 2013 to 1st Half 2024. Available online: https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/317143\/hong-kong-visitor-arrivals\/."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Ahn, J.-K. (2024, September 26). Number of Foreign Tourists Visiting Korea Surpasses 11 Million in 2023. Available online: https:\/\/www.kedglobal.com\/travel-leisure\/newsView\/ked202401300009."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"ROAD GENIUS (2024, September 26). South Korea Tourism Statistics. Available online: https:\/\/roadgenius.com\/statistics\/tourism\/south-korea\/."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Daily Sabah (2024, September 26). T\u00fcrkiye Crowns 2023 with Record 49.2M Tourists, $54.3B in Revenue. Available online: https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/business\/tourism\/turkiye-crowns-2023-with-record-492m-tourists-543b-in-revenue."},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"KPI (2024, September 26). Italy Surpasses 445 Million Tourist Visits in 2023, Available online: https:\/\/kpl.gov.la\/EN\/."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"(2024, September 26). ROAD GENIUS2. Italy Tourism Statistics. Available online: https:\/\/roadgenius.com\/statistics\/tourism\/italy\/."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2015.09.011","article-title":"Responding to Negative Online Reviews: The Effects of Hotel Responses on Customer Inferences of Trust and Concern","volume":"53","author":"Sparks","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tour. Manag."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1108\/IJCHM-04-2022-0434","article-title":"Competition or Collaboration for Human\u2013Robot Relationship: A Critical Reflection on Future Cobotics in Hospitality","volume":"35","author":"Khoa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Contemp. Hosp. Manag."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"278","article-title":"Tourist Behaviour towards Self-Service Hotel Technology Adoption: Trust and Subjective Norm as Key Antecedents","volume":"16","author":"Kaushik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tour. Manag. Perspect."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wong, S., Yeung, J.K.W., Lau, Y.-Y., Kawasaki, T., and Kwong, R. (2024). A Critical Literature Review on Blockchain Technology Adoption in Supply Chains. Sustainability, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/su16125174"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joitmc.2024.100208","article-title":"The Impact of Work-Related ICT Use on Perceived Injustice: Exploring the Effects of Work Role Overload and Psychological Detachment","volume":"10","author":"Elshaer","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1080\/1528008X.2022.2143466","article-title":"Do Lists of Amenities Influence Quality Management in the P2P Platform of Airbnb?\u2014A Study from 15 Cities of the US and Canada","volume":"25","author":"Chattopadhyay","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Qual. Assur. Hosp. Tour."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karim, R.A., Rabiul, M.K., Ahamed, T., Karim, D.N., and Mehzabeen, M. (2024). Integrating Green Entrepreneurial Orientation, Green Information Systems, and Management Support with Green Supply Chain Management to Foster Firms\u2019 Environmental Performance. Sustainability, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/su16124921"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olya, H., Ahmad, M.S., Abdulaziz, T.A., Khairy, H.A., Fayyad, S., and Lee, C. (2024). Catalyzing Green Change: The Impact of Tech-savvy Leaders on Innovative Behaviors. Corp. Soc. Responsib. Environ. Manag., in press.","DOI":"10.1002\/csr.2871"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhm.2020.102778","article-title":"Organizational Trust in Times of COVID-19: Hospitality Employees\u2019 Affective Responses to Managers\u2019 Communication","volume":"93","author":"Guzzo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Hosp. Manag."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1177\/0047287514541008","article-title":"The Role of Customer Engagement in Building Consumer Loyalty to Tourism Brands","volume":"55","author":"So","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Travel Res."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3040","DOI":"10.1108\/IJCHM-09-2020-1033","article-title":"Hospitality Business Models, Customer Well-Being and Trust: The Mediating Role of Competitive Service Advantage","volume":"33","author":"Shulga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Contemp. Hosp. Manag."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1177\/1096348017731130","article-title":"How the Employee Looks and Looks at You: Building Customer\u2013Employee Rapport","volume":"43","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Tour. Res."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1108\/JSM-06-2019-0220","article-title":"Customer Incivility, Rapport and Tipping: The Moderating Role of Agreeableness","volume":"34","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Serv. Mark."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.14505\/jemt.11.6(46).22","article-title":"Competency of Human Resources and Customer Trust on Customer Satisfaction and Its Consequence on Customer Retention in the Hospitality Industry North Sumatra","volume":"11","author":"ANWAR","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag. Tour."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alrowais, S.S., Abdelwahab, M.S.T., and Aboul-Dahab, S.A.M.M. (2022). The Effects of CSR on Tourist Loyalty Toward Rural Hospitality Enterprises and the Moderating Effects of Religiosity. Research Anthology on Developing Socially Responsible Businesses, IGI Global.","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-6684-5590-6.ch072"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1177\/1938965520940294","article-title":"The State of Qualitative Research in Hospitality: A 5-Year Review 2014 to 2019","volume":"62","author":"McGinley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cornell Hosp. Q."},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"77","article-title":"Relationship Marketing and Repurchase Intention in Ghana\u2019s Hospitality Industry: An Empirical Examination of Trust and Commitment","volume":"18","author":"Amoako","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Relatsh. Mark."},{"key":"ref_71","unstructured":"NBIE (2024, September 26). Tourism Futures Taskforce, Available online: https:\/\/www.mbie.govt.nz\/immigration-and-tourism\/tourism\/tourism-recovery\/tourism-futures-taskforce."},{"key":"ref_72","unstructured":"Ministerio de Industria y Turismo (2024, September 26). Sustainable Tourism Strategy of Spain 2030. Available online: https:\/\/turismo.gob.es\/en-us\/estrategia-turismo-sostenible\/paginas\/index.aspx#:~:text=The%20government%20of%20Spain%2C%20through,%3A%20socio%2Deconomic%2C%20environmental%20and."},{"key":"ref_73","unstructured":"Conference Hotel Group (2020). Marriott International Commitment to Clean, Conference Hotel Group."},{"key":"ref_74","unstructured":"(2024, September 26). ACCOR ALLSAFE, an Enhanced Label That Ensures Complete Peace of Mind in Our Hotels. Available online: https:\/\/group.accor.com\/en\/Actualites\/2022\/02\/allsafe-enhanced-label-safety."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elshaer, I.A., Azazz, A.M.S., Hassan, S.S., and Fayyad, S. (2023). Farm-to-Fork and Sustainable Agriculture Practices: Perceived Economic Benefit as a Moderator and Environmental Sustainability as a Mediator. Sustainability, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/su151411462"}],"container-title":["Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/15\/10\/598\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:07:34Z","timestamp":1760112454000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/15\/10\/598"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["info15100598"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/info15100598","relation":{},"ISSN":["2078-2489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2078-2489","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]}}}