{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T19:48:31Z","timestamp":1775504911549,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]],"date-time":"2025-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research","award":["JP24K14922"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24K14922"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer solutions to issues like traffic congestion and labor shortages. We developed a distributed UAV management system inspired by virtual circuit and datagram methods in packet-switching networks. By installing houses with wireless terminals, UAVs navigate routes in a multi-hop network, communicating with ground nodes. UAVs are treated as network packets, ground devices are treated as routers, and their connections are treated as links. Activating all nodes as relays increases control message traffic and node load. To optimize connectivity, we minimize relay nodes, connecting non-relay nodes to the nearest relay. This study proposes four relay node selection methods: random selection, two adjacency-based methods, and our innovative approach using Multipoint Relay (MPR) from the Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR). We evaluated these methods according to their route construction success rates, relay node counts, route lengths, and so on. The MPR-based method proved most effective for UAV route construction. However, fewer relay nodes increase link collisions, and we identify the minimum relay density needed to balance efficiency and conflict reduction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info16010022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T06:43:04Z","timestamp":1736145784000},"page":"22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Relay Node Selection Methods for UAV Navigation Route Constructions in Wireless Multi-Hop Network Using Smart Meter Devices"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Shuto","family":"Ohkawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Engineering, Nihon University, Koriyama-shi 963-8642, Fukushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6505-3400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Engineering, Nihon University, Koriyama-shi 963-8642, Fukushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1563-8544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takumi","family":"Miyoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama-shi 337-8570, Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9711-6645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taku","family":"Yamazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama-shi 337-8570, Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5504-6004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryo","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu-shi 182-8585, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3234-3473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nobuo","family":"Funabiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama-shi 700-8530, Okayama, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valeska, E., Evy, R., Lieselot, V., and Philippe, L. 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