{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T05:39:04Z","timestamp":1782365944932,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]],"date-time":"2025-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) is an open standard format for recording transit information, utilized by thousands of transit agencies worldwide. In this study, a new tool named GTFS2STN for converting GTFS data into the spatiotemporal networks is introduced. To analyze the travel time variability, it is important to transform a transit network to a spatiotemporal network to enable a comprehensive analysis of transit system accessibility. GTFS2STN is a new tool that converts General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) data into spatiotemporal networks, addressing the lack of open-source solutions for transit analysis. The tool includes a web application that generates isochrone maps and calculates travel time variability between locations. Validation against Google Maps APIs shows that journey time (i.e., the summation of the transit time, walking time, and waiting time) differences in the Mean Absolute Percentage Error are typically within 12%. A before\u2013after analysis shows that for the transit journey time in 2024 in Nashville, Tennessee, 8 out of 10 pivotal bus stops showed a significantly decreased journey time compared with the case of 2019. A further set of before\u2013after analyses shows that although journey time between transit sites significantly dropped on May 2020 during COVID-19 emergencies, the journey time almost totally recovered to the before-COVID-19 level by November 2020. By supporting any valid GTFS schedule, GTFS2STN enables the analysis of historical and planned transit systems, making it valuable for long-term accessibility assessment and travel time variability studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info16010024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T06:43:04Z","timestamp":1736145784000},"page":"24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Analyzing Transit Systems Using General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) by Generating Spatiotemporal Transit Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6540-4108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diyi","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3489-3746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0971-9540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yangsong","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1381-8739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meredith","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1381-1254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lee D.","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2769-7808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Candace","family":"Brakewood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e03729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e03729","article-title":"Visualizing public transit system operation with GTFS data: A case study of Calgary, Canada","volume":"6","author":"Prommaharaj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"04014063","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000714","article-title":"Development of a data-driven platform for transit performance measures using smart card and GPS data","volume":"140","author":"Ma","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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