{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]],"date-time":"2025-12-27T12:18:35Z","timestamp":1766837915165,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013209","name":"Hellenic Foundation for Research &amp; Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3607"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3607"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013209","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the modern era, a major avenue of dissemination for cultural and artistic events is through the World-Wide Web, where every such event has a multifaceted distinct digital footprint. This digital footprint is an indicator of how strong the influence of each event is in the public\u2019s perception and to what extent it becomes part of the audiovisual art landscape. This study aims to present how the impact of an audiovisual event may be estimated using quantitative data collected through its online presence. This data-driven approach is made possible through web data extraction techniques and the use of generative artificial intelligence, which allows for structured information extraction from an endless variety of websites. Based on an event\u2019s innate characteristics, web outreach, estimated scope, and thematical popularity, an encompassing impact factor is calculated, which may be used to rank events on the basis of perceived influence. For the purposes of this study, a dataset consisting of thousands of events in Greece was collected over an extended period. These data were used for a computational statistical analysis. Through this process of data collection, impact calculation, and analysis, data-driven insights were derived concerning the landscape of audiovisual art events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info16020088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T03:26:31Z","timestamp":1737689191000},"page":"88","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Data-Driven Approach to Estimating the Impact of Audiovisual Art Events Through Web Presence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0456-2217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Giannakoulopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Audio and Visual Arts, Ionian University, 49100 Kerkira, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1316-5448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minas","family":"Pergantis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Audio and Visual Arts, Ionian University, 49100 Kerkira, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aristeidis","family":"Lamprogeorgos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Audio and Visual Arts, Ionian University, 49100 Kerkira, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stella","family":"Lampoura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Audio and Visual Arts, Ionian University, 49100 Kerkira, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.313.7072.1577","article-title":"Attendance at cultural events, reading books or periodicals, and making music or singing in a choir as determinants for survival: Swedish interview survey of living conditions","volume":"313","author":"Bygren","year":"1996","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/15.1.9","article-title":"The uses of art in the context of health and diversity","volume":"15","author":"Soman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"204594","article-title":"The dynamics of visual art dialogues: Experiences to be used in hospital settings with visual art enrichment","volume":"2011","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nurs. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Tepper, S.J. (2014). Artful Living: Examining the Relationship between Artistic Practice and Subjective Wellbeing Across Three National Surveys, Curb Center for Art, Enterprise, and Public Policy at Vanderbilt University."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.36251\/josi13","article-title":"Arts and the inclusive imagination: Socially engaged arts practices and Sistema Scotland","volume":"1","author":"Allan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Soc. Incl."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Charlton, M., Brandt, D., Dennis, K., and Donegan, R. (2013). Transforming Communities Through the Arts: A Study of Three Toronto Neighbourhoods. Tor. Arts Found., Available online: https:\/\/torontoartsfoundation.org\/tac\/media\/taf\/Research\/Transforming%20Communities%20Through%20the%20Arts\/Transforming-Communities-Through-the-Arts-Full-Report.pdf."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e004790","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-004790","article-title":"The art of being healthy: A qualitative study to develop a thematic framework for understanding the relationship between health and the arts","volume":"4","author":"Davies","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Josephson, S.G. (2016). From Idolatry to Advertising: Visual Art and Contemporary Culture, Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315480015"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Komianos, V., Tsipis, A., and Kontopanagou, K. (2024). Introducing Digitized Cultural Heritage to Wider Audiences by Employing Virtual and Augmented Reality Experiences: The Case of the v-Corfu Project. Technologies, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/technologies12100196"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-422X(99)00012-1","article-title":"Art journalism and cultural change: The coverage of the arts in Dutch newspapers 1965\u20131990","volume":"26","author":"Janssen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Poet"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2014.04.482","article-title":"The factors affecting the presentation of events and the media coverage of topics in the mass media","volume":"140","author":"Pavelka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Procedia-Soc. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1","article-title":"A review paper on big data and hadoop","volume":"4","author":"Bhosale","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. Res. Publ."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"673","article-title":"New (s) data for entrepreneurship research? An innovative approach to use Big Data on media coverage","volume":"55","author":"Broekel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Small Bus. Econ."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"1","article-title":"How big data is changing the whole equation for business","volume":"11","author":"Rosenbush","year":"2013","journal-title":"Wall Str. J."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"European Statistical System Committee (2024, December 05). Scheveningen Memorandum on \u2018Big Data and Official Statistics\u2019. Available online: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/documents\/13019146\/13237859\/Scheveningen-memorandum-27-09-13.pdf\/2e730cdc-862f-4f27-bb43-2486c30298b6?t=1401195050000."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"European Statistical System Committee (2024, December 05). Big Data Action Plan and Roadmap. Available online: https:\/\/www.cepal.org\/sites\/default\/files\/presentations\/presentacion-eurostat-and-big-data-rosemary-montgomery-eurostat.pdf."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"54","article-title":"Conjectures on world literature","volume":"2","author":"Moretti","year":"2000","journal-title":"New Left Rev."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manovich, L. (2016). The science of culture? Social computing, digital humanities and cultural analytics. J. Cult. Anal., 1.","DOI":"10.22148\/16.004"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martinho, T.D. (2018). Researching Culture through Big Data: Computational Engineering and the Human and Social Sciences. Soc. Sci., 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci7120264"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Amer-Yahia, S., Leroy, V., Termier, A., Kirchgessner, M., and Omidvar-Tehrani, B. (2015). Interactive Data-Driven Research: The Place Where Databases and Data Mining Research Meet, LIG."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brynjolfsson, E., Hitt, L., and Kim, H. (2011, January 16\u201318). How does data-driven decision-making affect firm performance. Proceedings of the Workshop for Information Systems and Economics at the 9th Annual Industrial Organization Conference, Busan, Republic of Korea.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.1819486"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/isj.12369","article-title":"Creative analytics: Towards data-inspired creative decisions","volume":"32","author":"Tamm","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. J."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Panneels, I., Lechelt, S., Schmidt, A., and Co\u015fkun, A. (2024). Data-driven innovation for sustainable practice in the creative economy. Professor Christopher Smith, Executive Chair of the Arts, Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003365891-11"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.4102\/sajems.v7i4.1294","article-title":"Economic impact of cultural events","volume":"7","author":"Saayman","year":"2004","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Econ. Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1177\/0969776406058946","article-title":"The economic impact of cultural events: A case-study of Salamanca 2002, European Capital of Culture","volume":"13","author":"Herrero","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. Urban Reg. Stud."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.3727\/109830511X12978702284435","article-title":"Assessing the economic impact of cultural events: A methodology based on applying action-tracking technologies","volume":"12","author":"Lucia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Inf. Technol. Tour."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1080\/15022250.2015.1114900","article-title":"How to evaluate cultural impacts of events? A model and methodology proposal","volume":"16","author":"Colombo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scand. J. Hosp. Tour."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Devesa, M., and Roitvan, A. (2022). Beyond economic impact: The cultural and social effects of arts festivals. Managing Cultural Festivals, Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003127185-14"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000081","article-title":"A primer on theory-driven web scraping: Automatic extraction of big data from the Internet for use in psychological research","volume":"21","author":"Landers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dhoni, P. (2023). Exploring the synergy between generative AI, data and analytics in the modern age. TechRxiv.","DOI":"10.36227\/techrxiv.24045792.v1"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trichopoulos, G., Konstantakis, M., Alexandridis, G., and Caridakis, G. (2023). Large Language Models as Recommendation Systems in Museums. Electronics, 12.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202307.1393.v1"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vigenesh, M., RaviKumar, V., Patil, V.D., Kumar, S.S., Geyi, N., and Chattopadhyay, S. (2023, January 29\u201331). Assessing the Ability of AI-Driven Natural Language Processing to Accurately Analyze Unstructured Text Data. Proceedings of the 2023 3rd International Conference on Smart Generation Computing, Communication and Networking (SMART GENCON), Bangalore, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/SMARTGENCON60755.2023.10442594"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giannakoulopoulos, A., Pergantis, M., Konstantinou, N., Kouretsis, A., Lamprogeorgos, A., and Varlamis, I. (2022). Estimation on the importance of semantic web integration for art and culture related online media outlets. Future Internet, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/fi14020036"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1177\/0894439319888455","article-title":"Big data and digital aesthetic, arts, and cultural education: Hot spots of current quantitative research","volume":"39","author":"Christ","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Comput. Rev."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pergantis, M., Varlamis, I., Kanellopoulos, N.G., and Giannakoulopoulos, A. (2023). Searching Online for Art and Culture: User Behavior Analysis. Future Internet, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/fi15060211"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khashabi, D., Min, S., Khot, T., Sabharwal, A., Tafjord, O., Clark, P., and Hajishirzi, H. (2020). Unifiedqa: Crossing format boundaries with a single qa system. arXiv.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.findings-emnlp.171"},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Cameron, J. (2024, December 05). Domain Authority: What Is It and How Is It Calculated. Available online: https:\/\/moz.com\/learn\/seo\/domain-authority."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Durga, V.S., and Jeyaprakash, T. (2019, January 17\u201319). An effective data normalization strategy for academic datasets using log values. Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES), Coimbatore, India."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jansen, B.J., Jung, S.G., and Salminen, J. (2022). Measuring user interactions with websites: A comparison of two industry standard analytics approaches using data of 86 websites. PLoS ONE, 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268212"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.11114\/smc.v3i1.683","article-title":"Employing search engine optimization techniques in online news","volume":"3","author":"Giomelakis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stud. Media Commun."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"551","article-title":"Media-generating activities and follower growth within social networks","volume":"61","author":"Church","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Comput. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1134\/S0001434621070129","article-title":"Comparison of arithmetic, geometric, and harmonic means","volume":"110","author":"Rozovsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Math. Notes"},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Adeyemo, A., Wimmer, H., and Powell, L. (November, January 31). Effects of normalization techniques on logistic regression in data science. Proceedings of the Conference on Information Systems Applied Research, Norfolk, VA, USA."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Kassambara, A., and Mundt, F. (2024, December 05). Factoextra: Extract and Visualize the Results of Multivariate Data Analyses. 2020. R Package Version 1.0.7. Available online: https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/factoextra\/readme\/README.html."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Maechler, M., Rousseeuw, P., Struyf, A., Hubert, M., and Hornik, K. (2024, December 05). Cluster: Cluster Analysis Basics and Extensions. 2022. R Package Version 2.1.4. Available online: https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/cluster\/index.html."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"993","article-title":"Latent Dirichlet allocation","volume":"3","author":"Blei","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2018.10.024","article-title":"Bayesian LDA for mixed-membership clustering analysis: The Rlda package","volume":"163","author":"Albuquerque","year":"2018","journal-title":"Knowl.-Based Syst."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Nikita, M. (2024, December 05). ldatuning: Tuning of the Latent Dirichlet Allocation Models Parameters. R Package Version 1.0.2. Available online: https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/ldatuning\/index.html."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2008.06.011","article-title":"A density-based method for adaptive LDA model selection","volume":"72","author":"Cao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3166\/dn.17.1.61-84","article-title":"Accurate and effective latent concept modeling for ad hoc information retrieval","volume":"17","author":"Deveaud","year":"2014","journal-title":"Doc. Num\u00e9rique"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arun, R., Suresh, V., Veni Madhavan, C.E., and Narasimha Murthy, M.N. (2010, January 21\u201324). On finding the natural number of topics with latent dirichlet allocation: Some observations. Proceedings of the Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining: 14th Pacific-Asia Conference, PAKDD, Hyderabad, India.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-13657-3_43"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5228","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0307752101","article-title":"Finding scientific topics","volume":"101","author":"Griffiths","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Chang, J. (2024, December 05). lda: Collapsed Gibbs Sampling Methods for Topic Models. R Package Version 1.4.2. Available online: https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/lda\/index.html."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"Sievert, C., and Shirley, K. (2024, December 05). LDAvis: Interactive Visualization of Topic Models. R Package Version 0.3.2. Available online: https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/LDAvis\/index.html."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"23","article-title":"Marketing the performing arts: Efficacy of web 2.0 social networks","volume":"13","author":"Coleman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mark. Dev. Compet."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"Berridge, G. (2015). Event Experiences: Design, Management and Impact. [Doctoral Dissertation, University of West London]."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1080\/10286632.2011.625420","article-title":"Web communication can help theaters attract and keep younger audiences","volume":"18","author":"Turrini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Cult. Policy"},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Browning, C. (2024, December 05). Connecting Artists to Fans: Concert Ticketing in the Digital Age. Available online: https:\/\/soar.suny.edu\/handle\/20.500.12648\/14108."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541-0064.2002.tb00753.x","article-title":"Global competitiveness and special events in cultural tourism: The example of the Barnes Exhibit at the Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto","volume":"46","author":"Carmichael","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can. Geogr.\/Le G\u00e9ographe Can."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quinn, B. (2020). Arts festivals and the city. Culture-Led Urban Regeneration, Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315878768-5"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1080\/10286632.2020.1837788","article-title":"Cultural and creative work in rural and remote areas: An emerging international conversation","volume":"27","author":"Duxbury","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Cult. Policy"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dearn, L.K., and Price, S.M. (2016). Sharing music: Social and communal aspects of concert-going. Netw. Knowl. J. MeCCSA Postgrad. Netw., 9.","DOI":"10.31165\/nk.2016.92.428"},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"814","article-title":"Discovering the Radio and Music Preferences of Generation Z: An Empirical Greek Case from and through the Internet","volume":"5","author":"Nicolaou","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Media"}],"container-title":["Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/16\/2\/88\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T10:35:03Z","timestamp":1759919703000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/16\/2\/88"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["info16020088"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/info16020088","relation":{},"ISSN":["2078-2489"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2078-2489"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]}}}