{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T22:13:18Z","timestamp":1779228798710,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie","award":["955901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["955901"]}]},{"name":"Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie","award":["CUP G43C22001370007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP G43C22001370007"]}]},{"name":"Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie","award":["ECS00000037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECS00000037"]}]},{"name":"Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie","award":["2023-NAZ-0207\/DIP-ECC-DISCO23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-NAZ-0207\/DIP-ECC-DISCO23"]}]},{"name":"Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie","award":["NRPP M4C2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRPP M4C2"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2014NextGenerationEU","award":["955901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["955901"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2014NextGenerationEU","award":["CUP G43C22001370007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP G43C22001370007"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2014NextGenerationEU","award":["ECS00000037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECS00000037"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2014NextGenerationEU","award":["2023-NAZ-0207\/DIP-ECC-DISCO23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-NAZ-0207\/DIP-ECC-DISCO23"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2014NextGenerationEU","award":["NRPP M4C2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRPP M4C2"]}]},{"name":"Italian University and Research Ministry, within the Excellence Departments program","award":["955901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["955901"]}]},{"name":"Italian University and Research Ministry, within the Excellence Departments program","award":["CUP G43C22001370007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP G43C22001370007"]}]},{"name":"Italian University and Research Ministry, within the Excellence Departments program","award":["ECS00000037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECS00000037"]}]},{"name":"Italian University and Research Ministry, within the Excellence Departments program","award":["2023-NAZ-0207\/DIP-ECC-DISCO23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-NAZ-0207\/DIP-ECC-DISCO23"]}]},{"name":"Italian University and Research Ministry, within the Excellence Departments program","award":["NRPP M4C2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRPP M4C2"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2014Next Generation EU","award":["955901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["955901"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2014Next Generation EU","award":["CUP G43C22001370007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP G43C22001370007"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2014Next Generation EU","award":["ECS00000037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECS00000037"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2014Next Generation EU","award":["2023-NAZ-0207\/DIP-ECC-DISCO23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-NAZ-0207\/DIP-ECC-DISCO23"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2014Next Generation EU","award":["NRPP M4C2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRPP M4C2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common tumors diagnosed in men worldwide, with approximately 1.7 million new cases expected by 2030. Most cancerous lesions in PCa are located in the peripheral zone (PZ); therefore, accurate identification of the location of the lesion is essential for effective diagnosis and treatment. Zonal segmentation in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans is critical and plays a key role in pinpointing cancerous regions and treatment strategies. In this work, we report on the development of three advanced neural network-based models: one based on ensemble learning, one on Meta-Net, and one on YOLO-V8. They were tailored for the segmentation of the central gland (CG) and PZ using a small dataset of 90 MRI scans for training, 25 MRIs for validation, and 24 scans for testing. The ensemble learning method, combining U-Net-based models (Attention-Res-U-Net, Vanilla-Net, and V-Net), achieved an IoU of 79.3% and DSC of 88.4% for CG and an IoU of 54.5% and DSC of 70.5% for PZ on the test set. Meta-Net, used for the first time in segmentation, demonstrated an IoU of 78% and DSC of 88% for CG, while YOLO-V8 outperformed both models with an IoU of 80% and DSC of 89% for CG and an IoU of 58% and DSC of 73% for PZ.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info16030186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T06:45:42Z","timestamp":1740725142000},"page":"186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Neural Network Models for Prostate Zones Segmentation in Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3367-4952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saman","family":"Fouladi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Di Palma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Stereotactic Radiosurgery, Centro Diagnostico Italiano (CDI), 20147 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Darvizeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Stereotactic Radiosurgery, Centro Diagnostico Italiano (CDI), 20147 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Fazzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Stereotactic Radiosurgery, Centro Diagnostico Italiano (CDI), 20147 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Maiocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&D, Bracco Imaging S.p.A., 20134 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Papa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Stereotactic Radiosurgery, Centro Diagnostico Italiano (CDI), 20147 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5186-0199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Gianini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Informatica, Sistemistica e Comunicazione (DISCo), Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Al\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Stereotactic Radiosurgery, Centro Diagnostico Italiano (CDI), 20147 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"R&D, Bracco Imaging S.p.A., 20134 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37333","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-021-11334-9","article-title":"Unet Based Xception Model for Prostate Cancer Segmentation from MRI Images","volume":"81","author":"Chahal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Multimed. 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