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This review provides a focused analysis of CNN evolution and architectures as applied to medical image analysis, highlighting their application and performance in different medical fields, including oncology, neurology, cardiology, pulmonology, ophthalmology, dermatology, and orthopedics. The paper also explores challenges specific to medical imaging and outlines trends and future research directions. This review aims to serve as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in healthcare and artificial intelligence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info16030195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T05:52:16Z","timestamp":1740981136000},"page":"195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":126,"title":["Deep Convolutional Neural Networks in Medical Image Analysis: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9353-8894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibomoiye Domor","family":"Mienye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Intelligent Systems, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1525-7728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theo G.","family":"Swart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Intelligent Systems, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Obaido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Human-Compatible Artificial Intelligence (CHAI), Berkeley Institute for Data Science (BIDS), University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA"}]},{"given":"Matt","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Ilono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sultana, F., Sufian, A., and Dutta, P. 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