{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T00:15:10Z","timestamp":1783124110268,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,13]],"date-time":"2025-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["61803047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61803047"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["24XWB004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24XWB004"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2024CXJG061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024CXJG061"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["24CXW038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24CXW038"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2024GYB07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024GYB07"]}]},{"name":"Social Sciences Fund of Jiangsu Province","award":["61803047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61803047"]}]},{"name":"Social Sciences Fund of Jiangsu Province","award":["24XWB004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24XWB004"]}]},{"name":"Social Sciences Fund of Jiangsu Province","award":["2024CXJG061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024CXJG061"]}]},{"name":"Social Sciences Fund of Jiangsu Province","award":["24CXW038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24CXW038"]}]},{"name":"Social Sciences Fund of Jiangsu Province","award":["2024GYB07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024GYB07"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Qing Lan Project, and the Special Research Project on the Digital Transformation of Higher Education and the Practice of Educational Modernization in Jiangsu Province","award":["61803047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61803047"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Qing Lan Project, and the Special Research Project on the Digital Transformation of Higher Education and the Practice of Educational Modernization in Jiangsu Province","award":["24XWB004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24XWB004"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Qing Lan Project, and the Special Research Project on the Digital Transformation of Higher Education and the Practice of Educational Modernization in Jiangsu Province","award":["2024CXJG061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024CXJG061"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Qing Lan Project, and the Special Research Project on the Digital Transformation of Higher Education and the Practice of Educational Modernization in Jiangsu Province","award":["24CXW038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24CXW038"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Qing Lan Project, and the Special Research Project on the Digital Transformation of Higher Education and the Practice of Educational Modernization in Jiangsu Province","award":["2024GYB07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024GYB07"]}]},{"name":"National Social Science Fund of China project","award":["61803047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61803047"]}]},{"name":"National Social Science Fund of China project","award":["24XWB004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24XWB004"]}]},{"name":"National Social Science Fund of China project","award":["2024CXJG061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024CXJG061"]}]},{"name":"National Social Science Fund of China project","award":["24CXW038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24CXW038"]}]},{"name":"National Social Science Fund of China project","award":["2024GYB07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024GYB07"]}]},{"name":"\u201cExcellence Cultivation Program\u201d of the Postgraduate Innovation Project of the School of Journalism and Communication, Nanjing University","award":["61803047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61803047"]}]},{"name":"\u201cExcellence Cultivation Program\u201d of the Postgraduate Innovation Project of the School of Journalism and Communication, Nanjing University","award":["24XWB004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24XWB004"]}]},{"name":"\u201cExcellence Cultivation Program\u201d of the Postgraduate Innovation Project of the School of Journalism and Communication, Nanjing University","award":["2024CXJG061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024CXJG061"]}]},{"name":"\u201cExcellence Cultivation Program\u201d of the Postgraduate Innovation Project of the School of Journalism and Communication, Nanjing University","award":["24CXW038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24CXW038"]}]},{"name":"\u201cExcellence Cultivation Program\u201d of the Postgraduate Innovation Project of the School of Journalism and Communication, Nanjing University","award":["2024GYB07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024GYB07"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the widespread adoption of social media worldwide, countries are increasingly using these platforms to manage potential risks and disseminate their content. This study examines the communication effectiveness of six Chinese external media outlets on Facebook during the Winter Olympics, focusing on their COVID-19 coverage. Using structural equation modelling, we analysed how information presentation and dialogue intervention impacted communication effectiveness. The results indicated that scientific risk description, effective risk information dissemination, and heightened risk awareness in information presentation, as well as dialogue expansion in dialogue intervention, significantly enhanced the communication effectiveness of Facebook. However, dialogic contraction had no significant effect. Technical functionality mediated the relationship between information presentation and communication effectiveness but did not show a significant mediating effect for dialogic intervention. Achieving optimal communication outcomes through social media requires a comprehensive consideration of contextual and motivational factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info16040306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T04:42:07Z","timestamp":1744605727000},"page":"306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["How Facebook Mediated COVID-19 Risk Communication: Evidence from Chinese External Media During the Winter Olympics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Liwen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Communication Collaboratory, School of Journalism and Communication, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8192-9556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Xin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Communication Collaboratory, School of Journalism and Communication, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7454-4276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ke-ke","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Communication Collaboratory, School of Journalism and Communication, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanin, D.B. (2019). A Political History of the Olympic Games, Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429048418"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"14","article-title":"Power Discourse, Meaning Export and National Public Relations","volume":"5","author":"Hu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin. J. Journal. Commun."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2005.09566.x-i1","article-title":"Clumsy Solutions for a Complex World: The Case of Climate Change","volume":"84","author":"Verweij","year":"2006","journal-title":"Public Adm."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9558.2007.00295.x","article-title":"Narrative and Legitimacy: US Congressional Debates about the Nonprofit Sector","volume":"25","author":"Jacobs","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sociol. Theory"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-017-0594-4","article-title":"Social Media, Trust, and Disaster: Does Trust in Public and Nonprofit Organizations Explain Social Media Use during a Disaster?","volume":"52","author":"Williams","year":"2018","journal-title":"Qual. Quant."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25892","DOI":"10.2196\/25892","article-title":"Social Media and Medical Education in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review","volume":"7","author":"Katz","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Med. Educ."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thakur, N., Cui, S., Khanna, K., Knieling, V., Duggal, Y.N., and Shao, M. (2023). Investigation of the Gender-Specific Discourse about Online Learning during COVID-19 on Twitter Using Sentiment Analysis, Subjectivity Analysis, and Toxicity Analysis. Computers, 12.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202310.0157.v1"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103861","article-title":"Social capital and community integration in post-disaster relocation settlements after the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami in Indonesia","volume":"95","author":"Daly","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thakur, N., Patel, K.A., Poon, A., Shah, R., Azizi, N., and Han, C. (2023). A Comprehensive Analysis and Investigation of the Public Discourse on Twitter about Exoskeletons from 2017 to 2023. J. Future Internet, 15.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202309.1969.v1"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s13278-021-00855-8","article-title":"Opinion Mining in Online Social Media: A Survey","volume":"12","author":"Messaoudi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soc. Netw. Anal. Min."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thakur, N. (2023). Investigating and Analyzing Self-Reporting of Long COVID on Twitter: Findings from Sentiment Analysis. Appl. Syst. Innov., 6.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202309.0694.v1"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"DataReportal (2024, April 10). Digital 2023: Global Overview Report. Available online: https:\/\/datareportal.com\/reports\/digital-2023-global-overview-report."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"10","article-title":"The Opinion Emotional Characteristics and Media Driving Mechanism of China\u2019s Image on International Social Media Platforms","volume":"25","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nanjing Univ. Posts Telecommun. (Soc. Sci. Ed.)"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"187","article-title":"Cross-platform Comparative Study of Social Media Mention to Scholarly Papers: A Study of Facebook and Twitter","volume":"45","author":"You","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inf. Stud. Theory Appl."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-8111(98)80020-9","article-title":"Relationship management in public relations: Dimensions of an organization-public relationship","volume":"24","author":"Ledingham","year":"1998","journal-title":"Public Relations Rev."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ledingham, J.A., and Bruning, S.D. (2001). Public Relations as Relationship Management, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781410604668"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.07.009","article-title":"The dynamic role of social media during Hurricane #Sandy: An introduction of the STREMII model to weather the storm of the crisis lifecycle","volume":"54","author":"Stewart","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"123","article-title":"Social media and disaster communication: A case study of Cyclone Winston","volume":"24","author":"Finau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pac. Journal. Rev. Koakoa"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1177\/0963662512460953","article-title":"Risk, communication and trust: Towards an emotional understanding of trust","volume":"23","author":"Engdahl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Public Underst. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/19331681.2020.1805086","article-title":"Localized social media and civic life: Motivations, trust, and civic participation in local community contexts","volume":"18","author":"Kwon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Inf. Technol. Politics"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2018.1455138","article-title":"Social Media Use and Well-Being in People with Physical Disabilities: Influence of SNS and Online Community Uses on Social Support, Depression, and Psychological Disposition","volume":"34","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Commun."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/01292986.2021.2007274","article-title":"Examining the Indonesian Government\u2019s Social Media Use for Disaster Risk Communication","volume":"32","author":"Yudarwati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian J. Commun."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"205630511558079","article-title":"Social Media as Conversation: A Manifesto","volume":"1","author":"Kavada","year":"2015","journal-title":"Media Soc."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14793","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1508916112","article-title":"A Cross-hazard Analysis of Terse Message Retransmission on Twitter","volume":"48","author":"Sutton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhalerao, A.A., Naiknaware, B.R., Manza, R.R., Bagal, V., and Bawiskar, S.K. (2023, January 12\u201314). Social Media Mining Using Machine Learning Techniques as a Survey. Proceedings of the Advances in Computer Science Research. Atlantis Press International BV, Chengdu, China.","DOI":"10.2991\/978-94-6463-136-4_77"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boyd, D., Golder, S., and Lotan, G. (2010, January 5\u20138). Tweet, tweet, retweet: Conversational aspects of retweeting on Twitter. Proceedings of the 43rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, IEEE, Honolulu, HI, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2010.412"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"49","article-title":"Promoting Participatory Medicine with Social Media: New Media Applications on Hospital Websites that Enhance Health Education and E-patients\u2019 Voices","volume":"3","author":"Gallant","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Particip. Med."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Honey, C., and Herring, S.C. (2009, January 5\u20138). Beyond microblogging: Conversation and collaboration via Twitter. Proceedings of the 42nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, IEEE, Waikoloa, HI, USA."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hair, J.F., Hult, G.T.M., Ringle, C.M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N.P., and Ray, S. (2021). An Introduction to Structural Equation Modeling. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R: A Workbook, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-80519-7"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"91","article-title":"Research on the Impact of COVID-19 Science Information Dissemination on Social Media and the Factors Influencing the Choice of Crisis Coping Strategies: An Empirical Analysis Based on Popular Micro\u2014Blog Texts of Scientists\u2019 Groups","volume":"66","author":"Meng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Libr. Inf. Serv."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pubrev.2017.02.006","article-title":"Like, comment, and share on Facebook: How each behavior differs from the other","volume":"43","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Public Relat. Rev."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2018.07.001","article-title":"Attention to news and its dissemination on Twitter: A survey","volume":"29","author":"Keane","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691618803647","article-title":"The dark side of information proliferation","volume":"14","author":"Hills","year":"2019","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa758","article-title":"Crisis Communication and Public Perception of COVID-19 Risk in the Era of Social Media","volume":"72","author":"Malecki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."}],"container-title":["Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/16\/4\/306\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:13:39Z","timestamp":1760030019000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/16\/4\/306"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,13]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["info16040306"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/info16040306","relation":{},"ISSN":["2078-2489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2078-2489","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,13]]}}}