{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T07:22:48Z","timestamp":1765610568296,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>High-risk industries like mining must address occupational safety to reduce accidents and fatalities. Training through role-playing, simulations, and Serious Games (SGs) can reduce occupational risks. This study aims to conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) on SG methodologies for the mining sector. This review was based on a methodology inspired by the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Three research questions were formulated to explore how SGs contribute to immediate feedback, brain stimulation, and training for high-risk scenarios. The review initially identified 1987 studies, which were reduced to 30 relevant publications following a three-phase process: (1) A search string based on three research questions was defined and applied to databases. (2) Publications were filtered by title and abstract. (3) A full-text reading was conducted to select relevant publications. The SLR showed SG development methodologies with structured processes that are adaptable to any case study. Additionally, it was found that Virtual Reality, despite its implementation costs, is the most used technology for safety training, inspection, and operation of heavy machinery. The first conclusion of this SLR indicates the lack of methodologies for the development of SG for training in the mining field, and the relevance of carrying out specific methodological studies in this field. Additionally, the main findings obtained from this SLR are the following: (1) Modeling languages (e.g., GML and UML) and metamodeling are important in SG development. (2) SG is a significant mechanism for cooperative and participative learning strategies. (3) Virtual Reality technology is widely used in safe virtual environments for mining training. (4) There is a need for methodologies that integrate the specification of cognitive functions with the affective part of the users for SGs suitable for learning environments. Finally, this review highlights critical gaps in current research and underscores the need for more integrative approaches to SG development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info16050389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T04:06:21Z","timestamp":1746677181000},"page":"389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Systematic Literature Review on Serious Games Methodologies for Training in the Mining Sector"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8529-5869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GIDIS, Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, C\u00facuta 540001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9140-3769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Vallejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GICOMP, Universidad EAFIT, Medell\u00edn 050001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4194-6882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose","family":"Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEMISID, Universidad de Los Andes, M\u00e9rida 5101, Venezuela"},{"name":"IMDEA Networks Institute, 28910 Legan\u00e9s, Spain"},{"name":"Tepuy R+D Group\u2014Artificial Intelligence Software Development, M\u00e9rida 5101, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"467","article-title":"Application of a content management system for developing equipment safety training courses in surface mining","volume":"120","author":"Zujovic","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Met."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"427","article-title":"An evaluation framework for virtual reality safety training systems in the South African mining industry","volume":"119","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Met."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"33","article-title":"A review of Virtual Reality as a medium for safety related training in Mining","volume":"3","author":"Tichon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Health Saf. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tolentino, G.P., Battaglini, C., Pereira, A.C.V., de Oliveria, R.J., and de Paula, M.G.M. (2011, January 4\u20136). Usability of serious games for health. Proceedings of the 2011 3rd International Conference on Games and Virtual Worlds for Serious Applications (VS-GAMES 2011), Athens, Greece.","DOI":"10.1109\/VS-GAMES.2011.33"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1109\/TG.2022.3186919","article-title":"A Formal Approach to Distinguish Games, Toys, Serious Games and Toys, Serious Repurposing and Modding, and Simulators","volume":"15","author":"Alvarez","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Games"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2005.297","article-title":"From visual simulation to virtual reality to games","volume":"38","author":"Zyda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Computer"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Alvarez, J., Djaouti, D., and Rampnoux, O. (2010). Introduction au Serious Game, Ed. Questions Th\u00e9oriques."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dama\u0161evi\u010dius, R., Maskeli\u016bnas, R., and Bla\u017eauskas, T. (2023). Serious Games and Gamification in Healthcare: A Meta-Review. Information, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/info14020105"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Kittur, J., and Islam, T. (2021, January 26\u201329). Serious Games in Engineering: The Current State, Trends, and Future. Proceedings of the 2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access, Online."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"683","article-title":"Gamification of health professions education: A systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Brouwer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Health Sci. Educ."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6953036","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6953036","article-title":"Game Research on Coal Mine Workers\u2019 Off-Post Behaviors","volume":"2019","author":"Zeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Math. Probl. Eng."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deterding, S., Dixon, D., Khaled, R., and Nacke, L. (2011, January 28\u201330). From game design elements to gamefulness: Defining. Proceedings of the International Academic MindTrek Conference: Envisioning Future Media Environments, MindTrek, Tampere, Finland.","DOI":"10.1145\/2181037.2181040"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2021.104296","article-title":"Two decades of game concepts in digital learning environments\u2014A bibliometric study and research agenda","volume":"173","author":"Saqr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Educ."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2019.103730","article-title":"Editorial: Educational technology and addictions","volume":"145","author":"Melo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Educ."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cordero, J., Aguilar, J., Aguilar, K., Ch\u00e1vez, D., and Puerto, E. (2020). Recognition of the driving style in vehicle drivers. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20092597"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2021.100377","article-title":"Affective recommender systems in the educational field. A systematic literature review","volume":"40","author":"Salazar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aguilar, J., Jerez, M., Exposito, E., and Villemur, T. (2015, January 19\u201323). CARMiCLOC: Context Awareness Middleware in Cloud Computing. Proceedings of the 2015 XLI Latin American Computing Conference (CLEI), Arequipa, Peru.","DOI":"10.1109\/CLEI.2015.7360013"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3991\/ijet.v13i01.7518","article-title":"Learning analytics through serious games: Data mining algorithms for performance measurement and improvement purposes","volume":"13","author":"Slimani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Learn. (iJET)"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s11528-019-00446-7","article-title":"Serious Games and Gamification in the Corporate Training Environment: A Literature Review","volume":"64","author":"Larson","year":"2019","journal-title":"TechTrends"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.12338","article-title":"A rapid review of serious games: From healthcare education to dental education","volume":"22","author":"Sipiyaruk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dent. Educ."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mokhtar, N., Ismail, A., and Muda, Z. (2019). Designing model of serious game for flood safety training. Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl., 10.","DOI":"10.14569\/IJACSA.2019.0100541"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ep295","DOI":"10.30935\/cedtech\/9608","article-title":"A Systematic review of the use of serious games in science education","volume":"13","author":"Kara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Contemp. Educ. Technol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-021-00831-5","article-title":"User training for machine learning controlled upper limb prostheses: A serious game approach","volume":"18","author":"Kristoffersen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroeng. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"100001","article-title":"Cybersecurity Enhancement through Blockchain Training (CEBT)\u2014A serious game approach","volume":"1","author":"Mittal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Manag. Data Insights"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fleming, T.M., Bavin, L., Stasiak, K., Hermansson-Webb, E., Merry, S.N., Cheek, C., Lucassen, M., Lau, H.M., Pollmuller, B., and Hetrick, S. (2017). Serious games and gamification for mental health: Current status and promising directions. Front. Psychiatry, 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2016.00215"},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Li, C., and Huang, X. (2010, January 10\u201311). The study on mining virtual reality system. Proceedings of the 2010 2nd International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems (IIS 2010), Dalian, China."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.13170\/aijst.10.1.18752","article-title":"Developing a Computer Simulation Game as a Training Tool for Mine Self-Escape in Underground Coal Mine","volume":"10","author":"Harisman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aceh Int. J. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2021.103419","article-title":"The effectiveness of virtual safety training in work at heights: A literature review","volume":"94","author":"Barrero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-94223-0_37","article-title":"Improving safety training through gamification: An analysis of gaming attributes and design prototypes","volume":"780","author":"Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Intell. Syst. Comput."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"ILO (2023, June 20). International Labour Organization. Mining (Coal; Other Mining) Sector. Available online: https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/global\/industries-and-sectors\/mining\/lang--en\/index.htm."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10706-y","article-title":"Analysis of work-related accidents and ill-health in Brazil since the introduction of the accident prevention factor","volume":"21","author":"Shimizu","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s40411-016-0032-7","article-title":"Game development software engineering process life cycle: A systematic review","volume":"4","author":"Aleem","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Softw. Eng. Res. Dev."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5501","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-019-08348-9","article-title":"A review of immersive virtual reality serious games to enhance learning and training","volume":"79","author":"Checa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Avila-Pes\u00e1ntez, D., Rivera, L.A., and Alban, M.S. (2017). Approaches for serious game design: A systematic literature review. Comput. Educ. J., 8."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yanti, P.P., Rosmansyah, Y., and Dabarsyah, B. (2019, January 24\u201325). Serious Games for Children: A Systematic Literature Review. Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Informatics, Multimedia, Cyber and Information System (ICIMCIS), Jakarta, Indonesia.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIMCIS48181.2019.8985230"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.07.048","article-title":"A systematic review of serious video games used for vaccination","volume":"34","author":"Ohannessian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.17083\/ijsg.v9i1.466","article-title":"Serious Games for Healthy Nutrition. A Systematic Literature Review","volume":"9","author":"Adaji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Serious Games"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delgado, J.C.S., and Baz\u00e1n, P.A. (2020). A Systematic Literature Review of Methodologies Used for the Design of Serious Games. A comparative analysis. Int. Conf. Educ. New Dev., 358\u2013362.","DOI":"10.36315\/2020end076"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocs.2013.08.005","article-title":"A new paradigm for serious games: Transmedia learning for more effective training and education","volume":"5","author":"Raybourn","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.32441\/no1","article-title":"Development life cycle of the games through software engineering","volume":"1","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2017.11.002","article-title":"A serious game to practice stretches and exercises for a correct and healthy posture","volume":"28","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2018","journal-title":"Entertain. Comput."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.4018\/IJGBL.2020040103","article-title":"DICE: A generic model for the design process of serious games","volume":"10","author":"Djaouti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Game-Based Learn."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arbel\u00e1ez-Estrada, J.C., Vallejo, P., Aguilar, J., Tabares-Betancur, M.S., R\u00edos-Zapata, D., Ruiz-Arenas, S., and Rend\u00f3n-V\u00e9lez, E. (2023). A Systematic Literature Review of Waste Identification in Automatic Separation Systems. Recycling, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/recycling8060086"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1007\/s13132-020-00679-5","article-title":"Metropolis: Emergence in a Serious Game to Enhance the Participation in Smart City Urban Planning","volume":"12","author":"Aguilar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Knowl. Econ."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1017\/S002185962200017X","article-title":"Artificial-intelligence and sensing techniques for the management of insect pests and diseases in cotton: A systematic literature review","volume":"160","author":"Toro","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., and Altman, D.G. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Med., 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.3991\/ijet.v18i05.35501","article-title":"Metaverse Technologies in Education: A Systematic Literature Review Using PRISMA","volume":"18","author":"Samala","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Learn. (iJET)"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2019.100777","article-title":"Method for conducting systematic literature review and meta-analysis for environmental science research","volume":"7","author":"Mengist","year":"2020","journal-title":"Methodsx"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chbr.2025.100604","article-title":"Systematic literature review on usability and training outcomes of using digital training technologies in industry","volume":"17","author":"Langendorf","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav. Rep."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.30638\/eemj.2014.116","article-title":"Modeling and simulation of virtual environment system of complex coalmine using multi-agent technology","volume":"13","author":"Tang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Eng. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2014.09.017","article-title":"Virtual Reality-based pilot training for underground coal miners","volume":"72","author":"Grabowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"307","article-title":"GAMED: Digital educational game development methodology","volume":"91","author":"Aslan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Simul. Trans. Soc. Model. Simul. Int."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s11257-016-9170-1","article-title":"Behavlets: A method for practical player modelling using psychology-based player traits and domain specific features","volume":"26","author":"Cowley","year":"2016","journal-title":"User Model. User-Adapted Interact."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1080\/03719553.2016.1278516","article-title":"Applying virtual reality model to green ironmaking industry and education: \u2018a case study of charcoal mini-blast furnace plant\u2019","volume":"126","author":"Vieira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Miner. Process. Extr. Met."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Carri\u00f3n-Toro, M., Sant\u00f3rum, M., Aguilar, J., and Perez, M. (2019, January 22\u201326). iPlus Methodology for Requirements Elicitation for Serious Games. Proceedings of the 22nd Iberoamerican Conference on Software Engineering, La Habana, Cuba."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rozmus, M., Tokarczyk, J., Michalak, D., Dudek, M., Szewerda, K., Rotkegel, M., Lamot, A., and Ro\u0161er, J. (2021). Application of 3D scanning, computer simulations and virtual reality in the redesigning process of selected areas of underground transportation routes in coal mining industry. Energies, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/en14092589"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1179\/037178410X12780655704644","article-title":"Development of serious computer game based training module and its integration into working at heights mine site induction\u2014Part I","volume":"119","author":"Stothard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Min. Technol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-43020-7_43","article-title":"METS VR: Mining Evacuation Training Simulator in Virtual Reality for Underground Mines","volume":"1134","author":"Andersen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Intell. Syst. Comput."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, M., Sun, Z., Jian, Z., Tan, Z., and Chen, J. (2020, January 15\u201316). A Virtual Reality Simulation System for Coal Safety Based on Cloud Rendering and AI Technology. Proceedings of the 6GN for Future Wireless Networks Third EAI International Conference, 6GN 2020, Tianjin, China.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-63941-9_42"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmst.2021.05.011","article-title":"Interactive mobile equipment safety task-training in surface mining","volume":"31","author":"Zujovic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Min. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Oliveira, T.R., Martinelli, T.F., Bello, B.P., Batista, J.D., da Silva, M.M., Rodrigues, B.B., Spinasse, R.A.N., Andreao, R.V., Mestria, M., and Schimidt, M.Q. (2020, January 7\u201310). Virtual Reality System for Industrial Motor Maintenance Training. Proceedings of the 2020 22nd Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR), Porto de Galinhas, Brazil.","DOI":"10.1109\/SVR51698.2020.00031"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, X., and Hou, W. (2019, January 14\u201315). Research and design of an integrated multi-service monitoring platform for mine safety. Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Virtual Reality and Intelligent Systems (ICVRIS), Jishou, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICVRIS.2019.00102"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmst.2017.05.005","article-title":"Head-mounted display-based intuitive virtual reality training system for the mining industry","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Min. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.2174\/1874444301507010379","article-title":"Coal and gas outburst accident virtual escape system for miners based on virtools","volume":"7","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Open Autom. Control. Syst. J."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2011.11.2421","article-title":"Design and Application of Virtual Reality System in Fully Mechanized Mining Face","volume":"26","author":"Xiaoqiang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Procedia Eng."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1051\/e3sconf\/202017401055","article-title":"Dynamic Construction of Underground Mining Operations with Visualization in Virtual Reality","volume":"174","author":"Ivina","year":"2020","journal-title":"E3S Web Conf."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bednarz, T.P., Caris, C., Thompson, J., Wesner, C., and Dunn, M. (2010, January 20\u201323). Human-computer interaction experiments immersive virtual reality applications for the mining industry. Proceedings of the 2010 24th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, Perth, WA, Australia.","DOI":"10.1109\/AINA.2010.180"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5851","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-015-2547-z","article-title":"Human behaviors modeling in multi-agent virtual environment","volume":"76","author":"Cai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools Appl."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3858","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2022.3233588","article-title":"MetaMining: Mining in the Metaverse","volume":"53","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Syst."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borror, K., and Rapos, E.J. (2021, January 18). MOLEGA: Modeling language for educational card games. Proceedings of the 18th ACM SIGPLAN International Workshop on Domain-Specific Modeling, Chicago, IL, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/3486603.3486777"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamiye, F., Said, B., and Serhan, B. (2019, January 27\u201329). A framework for the development of serious games for assessment. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference, GALA 2019, Athens, Greece.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-34350-7_39"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chevaillier, P., Trinh, T.-H., Barange, M., De Loor, P., Devillers, F., Soler, J., and Querrec, R. (2012, January 5). Semantic modeling of virtual environments using MASCARET. Proceedings of the 2012 5th Workshop on Software Engineering and Architectures for Realtime Interactive Systems (SEARIS), Costa Mesa, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/SEARIS.2012.6231174"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kotani, M., Goto, K., and Toyama, M. (2017, January 4\u20136). Generating 3D virtual museum using superSQL. Proceedings of the iiWAS2017: The 19th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-Based Applications & Services, Salzburg, Austria.","DOI":"10.1145\/3151759.3151762"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bucchiarone, A., Cicchetti, A., and Marconi, A. (2019, January 15\u201320). GDF: A gamification design framework powered by model-driven engineering. Proceedings of the 2019 ACM\/IEEE 22nd International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems Companion (MODELS-C), Munich, Germany.","DOI":"10.1109\/MODELS-C.2019.00117"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C\u00e9spedes-Hern\u00e1ndez, D., Gonz\u00e1lez-Calleros, J., Guerrero-Garc\u00eda, J., Vanderdonckt, J., and Rodr\u00edguez-Vizzuett, L. (2012, January 3\u20135). Methodology for the development of vocal user interfaces. Proceedings of the MexIHC\u201812: IV Mexican Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, Mexico City, Mexico.","DOI":"10.1145\/2382176.2382184"},{"key":"ref_76","unstructured":"Choi, C., Seok, M.G., Choi, S.H., Kim, T.G., and Kim, S. (2013, January 10\u201312). Serious game development methodology via interoperation between a constructive simulator and a game application using HLA\/RTI. Proceedings of the 10th International Multidisciplinary Modeling & Simulation Multiconference (I3M), Athens, Greece."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matallaoui, A., Herzig, P., and Zarnekow, R. (2015, January 5\u20138). Model-driven serious game development integration of the gamification modeling language gaml with Unity. Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), Kauai, HI, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2015.84"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Lope, R.P., Medina-Medina, N., Urbieta, M., Lliteras, A.B., and Garc\u00eda, A.M. (2021). A novel UML-based methodology for modeling adventure-based educational games. Entertain. Comput., 38.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2021.100429"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csi.2015.04.009","article-title":"VGPM: Using business process modeling for videogame modeling and code generation in multiple platforms","volume":"42","author":"Espada","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput. Stand. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carri\u00f3n, M., Sant\u00f3rum, M., Sampredro, C., Paredes, A., Ortiz, Y., Samaniego-Santill\u00e1n, P., P\u00e9rez-Medina, J.-L., Acosta-Vargas, P., Corrales-Gaitero, C., and Maldonado-Garc\u00e9s, V. (2020). Designing a serious game for labor inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities using iplus methodology. Advances in Usability, User Experience, Wearable and Assistive Technology, Springer. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-51828-8_79"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Querrec, R., Vallejo, P., and Buche, C. (2013, January 3\u20137). MASCARET: Creating virtual learning environments from system modelling. Proceedings of the Volume 8649, The Engineering Reality of Virtual Reality, Burlingame, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2008186"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kami\u0144ska, D., Sapi\u0144ski, T., Wiak, S., Tikk, T., Haamer, R.E., Avots, E., Helmi, A., Ozcinar, C., and Anbarjafari, G. (2019). Virtual reality and its applications in education: Survey. Information, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/info10100318"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1456\/1\/012039","article-title":"Virtual reality teaching material\u2014Virtual reality game with education","volume":"1456","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Phys. Conf. Ser."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez, R., and Trefftz, H. (2011, January 9\u201314). Design and implementation of a low-cost projected virtual reality system to support learning processes. Proceedings of the HCI International 2011\u2014Posters\u2019 Extended Abstracts, Orlando, FL, USA.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-22095-1_22"},{"key":"ref_85","unstructured":"Pedram, S., Perez, P., and Dowsett, B. (2013, January 1\u20136). Impact of virtual training on safety and productivity in the mining industry. Proceedings of the 20th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation, MODSIM 2013, Adelaide, Australia."},{"key":"ref_86","unstructured":"Pedram, S., Perez, P., Palmisano, S., and Farrelly, M. (2017, January 3\u20138). The application of simulation (Virtual Reality) for safety training in the context of mining industry. Proceedings of the 22nd International Congress on Modelling and Simulation, MODSIM 2017, Tasmania, Australia."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-78795-4_14","article-title":"A qualitative evaluation of the role of virtual reality as a safety training tool for the mining industry","volume":"Volume 10711 LNCS","author":"Pedram","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intersections in Simulation and Gaming"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2021.107272","article-title":"Simulation-based training and learning: A review on technology-enhanced education for the minerals industry","volume":"175","author":"Bergamo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Miner. Eng."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2019.105756","article-title":"Modeling the process of shaping the public opinion through Multilevel Fuzzy Cognitive Maps","volume":"85","author":"Aguilar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.06.043","article-title":"How do presence, flow, and character identification affect players\u2019 empathy and interest in learning from a serious computer game?","volume":"64","author":"Bachen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-79816-1_32","article-title":"Designing Serious Games for Stimulating Cognitive Abilities Using iPlus Methodology","volume":"265","author":"Vera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lect. Notes Netw. Syst."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva, F.G.M. (2019). Practical Methodology for the design of educational serious games. Information, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/info11010014"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Streicher, A., and Smeddinck, J.D. (2016). Personalized and adaptive serious games. Entertainment Computing and Serious Games, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46152-6_14"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sindhu, R.M., Annabel, L.S.P., and Monisha, G. (2022, January 28\u201330). Development of a 2D Game using Artificial Intelligence in Unity. Proceedings of the 2022 6th International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICOEI), Tirunelveli, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICOEI53556.2022.9776750"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/851287","article-title":"Petri net model for serious games based on motivation behavior classification","volume":"2013","author":"Syufagi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Games Technol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1504\/IJTEL.2014.068363","article-title":"Analysing players\u2019 performance in serious games","volume":"6","author":"Parodi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Technol. Enhanc. Learn."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luhova, T., Blazhko, O., Troianovska, Y., and Riashchenko, O. (2019, January 2\u20136). The canvas-oriented formalization of the game design processes. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE 2nd Ukraine Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (UKRCON), Lviv, Ukraine.","DOI":"10.1109\/UKRCON.2019.8879899"},{"key":"ref_98","unstructured":"Chi, H., Agama, E., and Prodanoff, Z.G. (2017, January 2\u20134). Developing serious games to promote cognitive abilities for the elderly. Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 5th International Conference on Serious Games and Applications for Health (SeGAH), Perth, WA, Australia."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsm.2015.10.001","article-title":"Simulation and optimization of evacuation routes in case of fire in underground mines","volume":"14","author":"Adjiski","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Sustain. Min."},{"key":"ref_100","first-page":"907","article-title":"Monte Carlo simulation of uncertain parameters to evaluate the evacuation process in an underground mine fire emergency","volume":"119","author":"Adjiski","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Met."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tubis, A., Werbi\u0144ska-Wojciechowska, S., and Wroblewski, A. (2020). Risk assessment methods in mining industry\u2014A systematic review. Appl. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/app10155172"},{"key":"ref_102","first-page":"17894","article-title":"An agent-based model to support community forest management and non-timber forest product harvesting in northern Thailand","volume":"3","author":"Wimolsakcharoen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Socio-Environmental Syst. Model."},{"key":"ref_103","first-page":"191","article-title":"A Multiagent Model for Intelligent Distributed Control System","volume":"Volume 3681","author":"Aguilar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khayrutdinov, M.M., Golik, V.I., Aleksakhin, A.V., Trushina, E.V., Lazareva, N.V., and Aleksakhina, Y.V. (2022). Proposal of an Algorithm for Choice of a Development System for Operational and Environmental Safety in Mining. Resources, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/resources11100088"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2021.01.046","article-title":"Evolutionary model of coal mine safety system based on multi-agent modeling","volume":"147","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Process. Saf. Environ. Prot."},{"key":"ref_106","first-page":"295","article-title":"How Can the RoboCup Rescue Simulation Contribute to Emergency Preparedness in Real-World Disaster Situations?","volume":"Volume 8992","author":"Takahashi","year":"2015","journal-title":"RoboCup 2014: Robot World Cup XVIII"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"}],"container-title":["Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/16\/5\/389\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:29:17Z","timestamp":1760030957000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/16\/5\/389"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["info16050389"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/info16050389","relation":{},"ISSN":["2078-2489"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2078-2489"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]}}}