{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T17:43:22Z","timestamp":1781027002960,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>IoT environments have introduced diverse logistic support services into our lives and communities, in areas such as education, medicine, transportation, and agriculture. However, with new technologies and services, the issue of privacy and data security has become more urgent. Moreover, the rapid changes in IoT and the capabilities of attacks have highlighted the need for an adaptive and reliable framework. In this study, we applied the proposed simulation to the proposed hybrid framework, making use of deep learning to continue monitoring IoT data; we also used the blockchain association in the framework to log, tackle, manage, and document all of the IoT sensor\u2019s data points. Five sensors were run in a SimPy simulation environment to check and examine our framework\u2019s capability in a real-time IoT environment; deep learning (ANN) and the blockchain technique were integrated to enhance the efficiency of detecting certain attacks (benign, part of a horizontal port scan, attack, C&amp;C, Okiru, DDoS, and file download) and to continue logging all of the IoT sensor data, respectively. The comparison of different machine learning (ML) models showed that the DL outperformed all of them. Interestingly, the evaluation results showed a mature and moderate level of accuracy and precision and reached 97%. Moreover, the proposed framework confirmed superior performance under varied conditions like diverse attack types and network sizes comparing to other approaches. It can improve its performance over time and can detect anomalies in real-time IoT environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info16050406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T06:10:44Z","timestamp":1747289444000},"page":"406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Internet of Things-Based Anomaly Detection Hybrid Framework Simulation Integration of Deep Learning and Blockchain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8637-4392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad M.","family":"Almasabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing & Information Technology, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science & Information System, Najran University, Najran P.O. Box 1988, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6168-3552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad B.","family":"Alkhodre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computer and Information Systems, Islamic University of Madinah, Al-Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maher","family":"Khemakhem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing & Information Technology, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3987-9051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fathy","family":"Eassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing & Information Technology, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adnan Ahmed","family":"Abi Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Hussein ElSayyed Research Center, Department of Graduate Studies & Scientific Research, University of Prince Mugrin, Madinah 42241, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0764-8438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Harbaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing & Information Technology, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-019-06407-w","article-title":"IoT technology, applications and challenges: A contemporary survey","volume":"108","author":"Balaji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Wirel. 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