{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:24:49Z","timestamp":1760059489991,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Research Projects funded by the Education Department of Hunan Province","award":["22A0513"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22A0513"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The fast-paced lifestyle, high-pressure work environment, crowded traffic, and polluted air of urban environments often have a negative impact on urban youth\u2019s mental health.Understanding the factors in urban environments that influence the mental health of young people and the differences among groups can help improve the adaptability and mental health of urban youth. Based on the 2024 report on the health status of urban youth in China, this paper first analyzes this through a combination of multiple linear regression and automated machine learning methods. The key influencing factors of different living styles and environments on the mental health of urban youth and the priority of influencing factors are evaluated. The results are obtained by using the chaos particle swarm optimization-based back propagation neural network (CPSO-BPNN) model. Then, the heterogeneity of the different types of urban youth groups is analyzed. Finally, the conclusions and recommendations of this article are presented. This study provides theoretical support and a scientific decision-making reference for improving the adaptability and health of urban youth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info16060505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T10:45:26Z","timestamp":1750157126000},"page":"505","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A CPSO-BPNN-Based Analysis of Factors Influencing the Mental Health of Urban Youth"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Hu","family":"Xiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Design and Arts, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7072-4798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong-Hong","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation and Electronic Information, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2850.2012.01283.x","article-title":"Community-based mental health and behavioral programs for low-income urban youth: A meta-analytic review","volume":"19","author":"Farahmand","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Sci. Pract."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2019.102153","article-title":"The role of the physical environment in adolescent mental health","volume":"58","author":"Mueller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cianconi, P., Betr\u00f2, S., and Janiri, L. (2020). The impact of climate change on mental health: A systematic descriptive review. Front. Psychiatry, 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00074"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murphy, L.E., Jack, H.E., Concepcion, T.L., and Collins, P.Y. (2020). Integrating urban adolescent mental health into urban sustainability collective action: An application of Shiffman & Smith\u2019s framework for global health prioritization. Front. Psychiatry, 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00044"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108117","article-title":"Substance use and mental health predictors of patterns of non-partner youth violence among high-risk urban youth","volume":"213","author":"Stoddard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1037\/ort0000432","article-title":"Caregivers as gatekeepers: Professional mental health service use among urban minority adolescents","volume":"90","author":"Tsang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354920982088","article-title":"How do urban environments affect young people\u2019s mental health? A novel conceptual framework to bridge public health, planning, and neurourbanism","volume":"137","author":"Buttazzoni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Public Health Rep."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8176","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-021-02141-4","article-title":"Violence exposure and mental health consequences among urban youth","volume":"42","author":"Borg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02365-w","article-title":"Effects of urban living environments on mental health in adults","volume":"29","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-07005-4","article-title":"Making cities mental health friendly for adolescents and young adults","volume":"627","author":"Collins","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2022.102825","article-title":"Urban design and adolescent mental health: A qualitative examination of adolescent emotional responses to pedestrian-and transit-oriented design and cognitive architecture concepts","volume":"76","author":"Buttazzoni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"66","article-title":"Physical fitness and mental health in urban and rural areas","volume":"17","author":"Chaeroni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Malays. J. Med. Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1080\/23748834.2023.2286741","article-title":"Associations between real-time, self-reported adolescent mental health and urban and architectural design concepts","volume":"8","author":"Buttazzoni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cities Health"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-024-00830-6","article-title":"Assessing the impact of urban environments on mental health and perception using deep learning: A review and text mining analysis","volume":"101","author":"Wedyan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Urban Health"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e083578","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-083578","article-title":"ECO-MIND: Enhancing pro-environmental behaviours and mental health through nature contact for urban youth\u2014A research protocol for a multi-country study using geographic ecological momentary assessment and mental models","volume":"14","author":"Bubalo","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chhajer, R., Chaudhry, S., and Mishra, A. (2024). Combating the mental health challenge of loneliness among urban youth: Could finding meaning in life and experiencing thriving enhance their well-being?. BMC Public Health, 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-21185-2"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-024-00861-z","article-title":"A qualitative exploration of the built environment as a key mechanism of safety and social cohesion for youth in high-violence communities","volume":"101","author":"Moss","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Urban Health"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-01117-5","article-title":"Identifying mental health status using deep neural network trained by visual metrics","volume":"10","author":"Shafiei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2140014","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218213021400145","article-title":"Deep learning-based mental health monitoring scheme for college students using convolutional neural network","volume":"30","author":"Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Artif. Intell. Tools"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"7061","article-title":"Mental health diagnosis of college students based on facial recognition and neural network","volume":"40","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst."}],"container-title":["Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/16\/6\/505\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:53:46Z","timestamp":1760032426000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/16\/6\/505"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["info16060505"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/info16060505","relation":{},"ISSN":["2078-2489"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2078-2489"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]]}}}