{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:53:14Z","timestamp":1775004794644,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Regional Development Fund of the European Union","award":["DMR-0016521"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR-0016521"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The increasing global demand for sustainable and high-quality agricultural products has driven interest in precision agriculture technologies. This study presents a novel approach to wild mushroom detection, particularly focusing on Macrolepiota procera as a focal species for demonstration and benchmarking. The proposed approach utilises unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with multispectral imaging and the YOLOv5 object detection algorithm. A custom dataset, the wild mushroom detection dataset (WOES), comprising 907 annotated aerial and ground images, was developed to support model training and evaluation. Our method integrates low-cost hardware with advanced deep learning and vegetation index analysis (NDRE) to enable real-time identification of mushrooms in forested environments. The proposed system achieved an identification accuracy exceeding 90% and completed detection tasks within 30 min per field survey. Although the dataset is geographically limited to Western Macedonia, Greece, and focused primarily on a morphologically distinctive species, the methodology is designed to be extendable to other wild mushroom types. This work contributes a replicable framework for scalable, cost-effective mushroom monitoring in ecological and agricultural applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info16070539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T05:53:13Z","timestamp":1750917193000},"page":"539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Detection of Wild Mushrooms Using Machine Learning and Computer Vision"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8675-7383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Chaschatzis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Macedonia Kozani, 50100 Kozani, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3695-161X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chrysoula","family":"Karaiskou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Macedonia Kozani, 50100 Kozani, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3405-9137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chryssanthi","family":"Iakovidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Macedonia Kozani, 50100 Kozani, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1605-9413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Radoglou-Grammatikis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Macedonia Kozani, 50100 Kozani, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4248-3752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stamatia","family":"Bibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Macedonia Kozani, 50100 Kozani, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5981-5683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sotirios K.","family":"Goudos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6042-0355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panagiotis G.","family":"Sarigiannidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Macedonia Kozani, 50100 Kozani, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"container-title":["Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/16\/7\/539\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:58:35Z","timestamp":1760032715000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/16\/7\/539"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["info16070539"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/info16070539","relation":{},"ISSN":["2078-2489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2078-2489","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]}}}