{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:35:15Z","timestamp":1760060115477,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Electronic voting allows people to participate more easily in their country\u2019s electoral events. Nevertheless, its adoption is still far from widespread. In this paper, we provide a detailed survey of the state of adoption worldwide and investigate which socio-economic factors may influence such an adoption. Its usage is wider in North and South America, while remaining considerably lower in Europe and Asia and practically absent in Africa. We distinguish between e-voting, which maintains the traditional polling station structure while adding technological components, and i-voting, which enables remote participation from any location using personal devices. Five factors (country\u2019s surface and population, Gross Domestic Product, Internet Usage, and Democracy Index) are investigated to predict adoption, and an accuracy of over 79% is achieved through a machine learning random forest model. Larger, wealthier, and more democratic countries are typically associated with a larger adoption of internet voting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info16080650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:00:41Z","timestamp":1753884041000},"page":"650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Electronic Voting Worldwide: The State of the Art"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5442-2239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Fantozzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Law, Economics, Politics, and Modern Languages, LUMSA University, 00192 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2097-8244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Iecher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Political Science, Luiss University, Viale Romania, 32, 00197 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6880-8477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Laura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, International Telematic University UNINETTUNO, 00186 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0903-398X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Naldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Law, Economics, Politics, and Modern Languages, LUMSA University, 00192 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3715-5068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerio","family":"Rughetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Law, Economics, Politics, and Modern Languages, LUMSA University, 00192 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Civil, Computer Science and Aeronautical Technologies Engineering, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003055420000398","article-title":"The Quality of Vote Tallies: Causes and Consequences","volume":"114","author":"Seira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. 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