{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:50:44Z","timestamp":1780620644656,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006595","name":"Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization, CNCS-UEFISCDI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PN-IV-P2-2.1-TE-2023-1434"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PN-IV-P2-2.1-TE-2023-1434"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mind wandering (MW) is a significant safety risk in driving, yet research on its scope, underlying mechanisms, and mitigation strategies remains fragmented across disciplines. In this review guided by the PRISMA framework, we analyze findings from 64 empirical studies to address these factors. The presented study quantifies the prevalence of MW in naturalistic and simulated driving environments and shows its impact on driving behaviors. We document its negative effects on braking reaction times and lane-keeping consistency, and we assess recent advancements in objective detection methods, including EEG signatures, eye-tracking metrics, and physiological markers. We also identify key cognitive and contextual risk factors, including high perceived risk, route familiarity, and driver fatigue, which increase MW episodes. Also, we survey emergent countermeasures, such as haptic steering wheel alerts and adaptive cruise control perturbations, designed to sustain driver engagement. Despite these advancements, the MW research shows persistent challenges, including methodological heterogeneity that limits cross-study comparisons, a lack of real-world validation of detection algorithms, and a scarcity of long-term field trials of interventions. Our integrated synthesis, therefore, outlines a research agenda prioritizing harmonized measurement protocols, on-road algorithm deployment, and rigorous evaluation of countermeasures under naturalistic driving conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info16080681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T15:30:52Z","timestamp":1754667052000},"page":"681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Mind-Wandering Phenomenon While Driving: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3465-0282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gheorghe-Daniel","family":"Voinea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automotive and Transport Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7228-6525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florin","family":"G\u00eerbacia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automotive and Transport Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0496-3483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u0103zvan Gabriel","family":"Boboc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automotive and Transport Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian-Cezar","family":"Postelnicu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automotive and Transport Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.05.001","article-title":"Combining cognitive and visual distraction: Less than the sum of its parts","volume":"42","author":"Liang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Accid. 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