{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T14:41:36Z","timestamp":1777128096155,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62371274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62371274"]}]},{"name":"General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62201327"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62201327"]}]},{"name":"General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["ZR2022LZH001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022LZH001"]}]},{"name":"General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["SDYAL2024037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SDYAL2024037"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62371274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62371274"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62201327"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62201327"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["ZR2022LZH001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022LZH001"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["SDYAL2024037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SDYAL2024037"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation Innovation and Development Joint Fund","award":["62371274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62371274"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation Innovation and Development Joint Fund","award":["62201327"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62201327"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation Innovation and Development Joint Fund","award":["ZR2022LZH001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022LZH001"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation Innovation and Development Joint Fund","award":["SDYAL2024037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SDYAL2024037"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Excellent Educational and Teaching Resources Program for Postgraduates","award":["62371274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62371274"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Excellent Educational and Teaching Resources Program for Postgraduates","award":["62201327"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62201327"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Excellent Educational and Teaching Resources Program for Postgraduates","award":["ZR2022LZH001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022LZH001"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Excellent Educational and Teaching Resources Program for Postgraduates","award":["SDYAL2024037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SDYAL2024037"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To address the challenge that MOSFET temperature in motor controllers is influenced by multiple factors, exhibits strong temporal dependence, and involves complex feature interactions, this study proposes a temperature prediction model that integrates Temporal Convolutional Networks (TCNs) and the Informer architecture in parallel, enhanced with a cross-attention mechanism. The model leverages TCNs to capture local temporal patterns, while the Informer extracts long-range dependencies, and cross-attention strengthens feature interactions across channels to improve predictive accuracy. A dataset was constructed based on measured MOSFET temperatures under various operating conditions, with input features including voltage, load current, switching frequency, and multiple ambient temperatures. Experimental evaluation shows that the proposed method achieves a mean absolute error of 0.2521 \u00b0C, a root mean square error of 0.3641 \u00b0C, and an R2 of 0.9638 on the test set, outperforming benchmark models such as Times-Net, Informer, and LSTM. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in reducing prediction errors and enhancing generalization, providing a reliable tool for real-time thermal monitoring of motor controllers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info16100872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T12:04:52Z","timestamp":1759925092000},"page":"872","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cross-Attention Enhanced TCN-Informer Model for MOSFET Temperature Prediction in Motor Controllers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7816-8047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changzhi","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0273-0182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanke","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6287-9881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongxin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Equipment Engineering, Shandong Urban Construction Vocational College, Jinan 250103, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1514-3493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huaisheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Enpower Electric Co., Ltd., Heze 274000, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6470-315X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Di","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1002\/ese3.1316","article-title":"Design and research of permanent magnet synchronous motor controller for electric vehicle","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy Sci. 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