{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T15:20:04Z","timestamp":1780586404064,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of  the Republic of Kazakstan","award":["IRN No. BR21882258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRN No. BR21882258"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Real-time monitoring of atmospheric emissions is critical for ensuring transparency, compliance, and rapid response to environmental risks. However, traditional systems often suffer from latency and a lack of verifiable data integrity. This paper presents AABF+, an adaptive packetization and microblock model built on a permissioned blockchain that supports intelligent emissions monitoring. The proposed system dynamically groups sensor readings into microblocks and commits them using Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) consensus, enabling both high throughput and verifiable traceability. Unlike fixed-window blockchains, AABF+ adapts the microblock size and time window based on incoming data rates, balancing responsiveness and reliability. The model was implemented and experimentally evaluated in an edge-class 1 GbE testbed under real MRV (Measurement\u2013Reporting\u2013Verification) conditions. Results show that AABF+ achieves a median end-to-end latency of 0.96 s for single-record transactions and 3.07 s for 1000-record batches, while maintaining strong cryptographic verification of all entries. These findings demonstrate that AABF+ provides second-level data freshness with verifiable provenance, offering a practical foundation for digital environmental governance and regulatory compliance in Industry 4.0 ecosystems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info16110976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T12:44:55Z","timestamp":1762865095000},"page":"976","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Adaptive Packetization Model (AABF+) and Microblocks for an Intelligent Atmospheric Emissions Monitoring System on a Consortium Blockchain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7988-3971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dilara","family":"Abzhanova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Competence and Excellence, Astana IT University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrii","family":"Biloshchytskyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Innovation, Astana IT University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"},{"name":"Department of Information Technology, Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, 03037 Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Androulaki, E., Barger, A., Bortnikov, V., Cachin, C., Christidis, K., De Caro, A., Enyeart, D., Ferris, C., Laventman, G., and Manevich, Y. 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