{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T14:12:23Z","timestamp":1783951943852,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hainan Province Higher Education Scientific Research Project","award":["Hnky2025-33"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Hnky2025-33"]}]},{"name":"Hainan Province Higher Education Scientific Research Project","award":["Hnky2025ZC-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Hnky2025ZC-13"]}]},{"name":"Hainan Province Key Research and Development Project","award":["ZDYF2023GXJS007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2023GXJS007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the accelerated development of the global digital economy, data spaces have become a crucial infrastructure for cross-domain data circulation and value creation. However, cross-organizational and cross-regional data sharing still faces several challenges, including insufficient trust, fragmented governance, and inconsistent standards. Against this backdrop, blockchain technology, with its decentralized, traceable, and tamper-resistant characteristics, offers new avenues for building collaborative trust mechanisms within trustworthy data spaces. This paper systematically reviews the current research on trustworthy data spaces, the blockchain, zero-knowledge proofs, and federated learning. It proposes a technology-governance-standardization (TGS) framework for cross-border governance. To verify the framework, we proposed a collaborative trust mechanism combining \u201con-chain light attest, off-chain deep store, and cross-layer verifiable bridge\u201d (LPHS\u2013XV), which achieves data availability without visibility and compliance auditability. A prototype was then validated in the cross-border medical data space at the Macao-Hengqin Station, providing a scalable experience for global data governance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info16121066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T10:34:01Z","timestamp":1764758041000},"page":"1066","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Trustworthy Data Space Collaborative Trust Mechanism Driven by Blockchain: Technology Integration, Cross-Border Governance, and Standardization Path"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zhi-Yong","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Intelligent Engineering, University of Sanya, Sanya 572022, China"},{"name":"Academician Rong Chunming Workstation, University of Sanya, Sanya 572022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7216-3576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gao-Yuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Intelligent Engineering, University of Sanya, Sanya 572022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Intelligent Engineering, University of Sanya, Sanya 572022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong-Wang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Intelligent Engineering, University of Sanya, Sanya 572022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Intelligent Engineering, University of Sanya, Sanya 572022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Shi","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Intelligent Engineering, University of Sanya, Sanya 572022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"136","article-title":"Data for Better Lives: World Development Report 2021 by World Bank Group","volume":"2","author":"Kar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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