{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T03:11:38Z","timestamp":1780542698406,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guiyang University Doctoral Research Launch Project","award":["GYU-KY-[2026]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GYU-KY-[2026]"]}]},{"name":"Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program","award":["Qiankehejichu-ZK [2023] General 014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Qiankehejichu-ZK [2023] General 014"]}]},{"name":"Guizhou Science and Technology Cooperation (Basic Research) Project","award":["QN [2025] 369"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QN [2025] 369"]}]},{"name":"Youth Science and Technology Talent Growth Project of the Guizhou Provincial Department of Education","award":["Guizhou Education Technology [2024] 191"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Guizhou Education Technology [2024] 191"]}]},{"name":"Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department Platform","award":["ZSYS [2025]012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZSYS [2025]012"]}]},{"name":"Guizhou Province High-level Innovative Talent Project","award":["GCC [2023]010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GCC [2023]010"]}]},{"name":"Guizhou Graduate Education Innovation Plan project","award":["2025YJSKYJJ065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025YJSKYJJ065"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Distinguishing Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (AD) from Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is challenging due to their subtle morphological similarities in MRI, yet distinct therapeutic strategies are required. To assist junior clinicians with limited diagnostic experience, this paper proposes Vi-ADiM, a Vision Transformer framework designed for the early differentiation of AD and MCI. Leveraging cross-domain feature adaptation and task-specific data augmentation, the model ensures rapid convergence and robust generalization even in data-limited regimes. By optimizing a two-stage encoding module, Vi-ADiM efficiently extracts both global and local MRI features. Furthermore, by integrating SHAP and Grad-CAM++, the framework offers multi-granular interpretability of pathological regions, providing intuitive visual evidence for clinical decision-making. Experimental results demonstrate that Vi-ADiM outperforms the standard ViT-Base\/16, improving accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score by 0.444%, 0.486%, 0.476%, and 0.482%, respectively, while reducing standard deviations by approximately 0.06\u20130.29%. Notably, the model achieves these gains with a 48.96% reduction in parameters and a 49.65% decrease in computational cost (FLOPs), offering a reliable, efficient, and interpretable solution for computer-aided diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info17020129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T11:09:22Z","timestamp":1769771362000},"page":"129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Vision Transformer-Based Identification for Early Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3006-7420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China"},{"name":"Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Digital Protection, Development and Utilization of Cultural Heritage, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550002, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of the Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5743-3654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Biao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of the Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2630-0090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiang","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China"},{"name":"Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Digital Protection, Development and Utilization of Cultural Heritage, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenghong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China"},{"name":"Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Digital Protection, Development and Utilization of Cultural Heritage, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junfeng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qipeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02988-7","article-title":"Revised criteria for the diagnosis and staging of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"30","author":"Jack","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. 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