{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T05:58:57Z","timestamp":1772517537316,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["51778104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51778104"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007620","name":"Department of Education of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DL202005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DL202005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007620","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>China possesses abundant marine fishery resources, which play a vital role in the national economy. Achieving rapid and high-precision classification of underwater targets in complex aquatic environments is of significant importance for enhancing aquaculture intelligence and operational efficiency. To address the challenges of insufficient feature extraction and inefficient classifier parameter optimization in underwater image classification, this study proposes a classification method integrating local binary patterns (LBP), kernel principal component analysis (KPCA), and an improved sparrow search algorithm (SSA). The method first extracts image texture features using LBP and then applies KPCA for nonlinear dimensionality reduction. Subsequently, three optimization strategies\u2014dynamic weighting, boundary contraction, and adaptive mutation\u2014are introduced to enhance SSA, which is then employed to optimize the core parameters of the Support Vector Machine (SVM). Experiments were conducted on an underwater image dataset containing four types of targets: sea urchins, fish, rocks, and scallops. The results demonstrate that, compared with the traditional KPCA-SVM method, the integration of LBP features and the improved SSA increases classification accuracy from 55% to 94.37%, validating the effectiveness of the proposed approach in extracting underwater image features and optimizing classifier parameters. This provides technical support for improving the feasibility of automatic underwater target recognition in aquaculture applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info17030229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T12:39:56Z","timestamp":1772455196000},"page":"229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Underwater Image Classification Based on LBP-KPCA Combined with SSA-SVM Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Han","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China"}]},{"given":"Songsong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China"}]},{"given":"Qiaozhen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China"}]},{"given":"Zhongsong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5717-8438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science of DUT, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000029664.99615.94","article-title":"Distinctive image features from scale-invariant keypoints","volume":"60","author":"Lowe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. 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