{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T07:57:11Z","timestamp":1781078231065,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program Project of China","award":["2023YFF0615700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFF0615700"]}]},{"name":"Open Research Fund of Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Machine Vision Inspection","award":["KLMVI-2024-HIT-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KLMVI-2024-HIT-19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals poses a significant challenge for power-limited satellite transponders, leading to power amplifier nonlinearity and reduced system efficiency. This paper proposes a novel joint algorithm named Polar-SLM-CPM for efficient PAPR suppression in satellite coded OFDM (COFDM) systems. The core of this scheme is a deeply integrated design that synergistically combines polar coding, intelligent selective mapping (SLM), and adaptive continuous phase modulation (CPM). Unlike conventional approaches that treat these components separately, our method leverages the constant-envelope property of CPM for inherent PAPR limitation, employs a gradient-learning-optimized intelligent SLM mechanism for efficient low-PAPR sequence search, and utilizes capacity-approaching polar codes to guarantee transmission reliability. The synergistic operation is mathematically modeled and extensively evaluated via MATLAB simulations. Results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves a substantial PAPR reduction of approximately 4.2 dB at a complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) of 10\u22123 while maintaining bit error rate (BER) performance comparable to conventional polar-coded OFDM under additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels. Further analyses on synchronization, computational complexity (Big-O), parameter sensitivity, spectral efficiency trade-offs, and robustness in realistic nonlinear\/phase-noise channels are provided, confirming the scheme\u2019s practical viability. This work presents a balanced and effective solution for enhancing the power efficiency and signal integrity of next-generation integrated satellite communication and navigation systems employing COFDM-CPM waveforms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info17060571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T06:33:44Z","timestamp":1781073224000},"page":"571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Polar-SLM-CPM: A Joint Algorithm for High-Efficiency PAPR Suppression in Satellite COFDM Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5382-7673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinsong","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"JSNU SPBPU Institute of Engineering|Sino-Russian Institute, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China"},{"name":"Wuhu HIT Robot Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhu 241000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manrong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JSNU SPBPU Institute of Engineering|Sino-Russian Institute, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JSNU SPBPU Institute of Engineering|Sino-Russian Institute, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"893","article-title":"Basic framework of resilient PNT","volume":"47","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Geod. 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