{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T08:56:49Z","timestamp":1779181009883,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,9]],"date-time":"2011-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1320796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Contemporary biological research (particularly in systems biology and the \u201comic\u201d disciplines) is factually answering some of the poignant questions associated with the information concept and the limitations of information theory. Here, rather than emphasizing and persisting on a focalized discussion about the i-concept, an ampler conception of \u201cinformational entities\u201d will be advocated. The way living cells self-produce, interact with their environment, and collectively organize multi-cell systems becomes a paradigmatic case of what such informational entities consist of. Starting with the fundamentals of molecular recognition, and continuing with the basic cellular processes and subsystems, a new interpretation of the global organization of the living cell must be assayed, so that the equivalents of meaning, value, and intelligence will be approached along an emerging \u201cbioinformational\u201d perspective. Further insights on the informational processes of brains, companies, institutions and human societies at large, and even the sciences themselves, could benefit from\u2014and cross-fertilize with\u2014the advancements derived from the informational approach to living systems. The great advantage fuelling the expansion of the bioinformation paradigm is that, today, cellular information processes may be defined almost to completion at the molecular scale (at least in the case of prokaryotic cells). This is not the case, evidently, with nervous systems and the variety of human organizational, cultural, and social developments. Concretely, the crucial evolutionary phenomenon of protein-domain recombination\u2014knowledge recombination\u2014will be analyzed here as a showcase of, and even as a model for, the interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary mixing of the sciences so prevalent in contemporary societies. Scientomics will be proposed as a new research endeavor to assist advancement. Informationally, the \u201csociety of enzymes\u201d appears as a forerunner of the \u201csociety of neurons\u201d, and even of the \u201csociety of individuals\u201d.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info2040651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,10]],"date-time":"2011-11-10T03:14:58Z","timestamp":1320894898000},"page":"651-671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["From Genomics to Scientomics: Expanding the Bioinformation Paradigm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Raquel del","family":"Moral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformation and Systems Biology Group Instituto Aragon\u00e9s de Ciencias de la Salud (I+CS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformation and Systems Biology Group Instituto Aragon\u00e9s de Ciencias de la Salud (I+CS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformation and Systems Biology Group Instituto Aragon\u00e9s de Ciencias de la Salud (I+CS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro C.","family":"Mariju\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformation and Systems Biology Group Instituto Aragon\u00e9s de Ciencias de la Salud (I+CS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-2647(95)01578-7","article-title":"First conference on foundations of information science: From computers and quantum physics, to cells, nervous systems, and societies","volume":"38","year":"1996","journal-title":"BioSystems"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.31269\/triplec.v7i2.97","article-title":"The advancement of information science: Is a new way of thinking necessary?","volume":"7","year":"2009","journal-title":"TripleC"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3390\/info1020074","article-title":"Information: A conceptual investigation","volume":"1","author":"Lenski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Information"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Scott, J.C. 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