{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T05:39:47Z","timestamp":1777009187499,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]],"date-time":"2012-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The framework is proposed where matter can be seen as related to energy in a way structure relates to process and information relates to computation. In this scheme matter corresponds to a structure, which corresponds to information. Energy corresponds to the ability to carry out a process, which corresponds to computation. The relationship between each two complementary parts of each dichotomous pair (matter\/energy, structure\/process, information\/computation) are analogous to the relationship between being and becoming, where being is the persistence of an existing structure while becoming is the emergence of a new structure through the process of interactions. This approach presents a unified view built on two fundamental ontological categories: Information and computation. Conceptualizing the physical world as an intricate tapestry of protoinformation networks evolving through processes of natural computation helps to make more coherent models of nature, connecting non-living and living worlds. It presents a suitable basis for incorporating current developments in understanding of biological\/cognitive\/social systems as generated by complexification of physicochemical processes through self-organization of molecules into dynamic adaptive complex systems by morphogenesis, adaptation and learning\u2014all of which are understood as information processing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info3020204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]],"date-time":"2012-04-26T11:04:10Z","timestamp":1335438250000},"page":"204-218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Physical Computation as Dynamics of Form that Glues Everything Together"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9881-400X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gordana","family":"Dodig Crnkovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Design and Engineering, School of Innovation, M\u00e4lardalen University, V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, 72123, Sweden"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1145\/2093548.2093569","article-title":"Turing\u2019s Titanic machine?","volume":"55","author":"Cooper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Commun. 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