{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:35:07Z","timestamp":1760243707128,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,27]],"date-time":"2012-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper offers terms for talking about information and how it relates to both matter-energy and communication, by: (1) Identifying three different levels of signs: Index, based in contiguity, icon, based in similarity, and symbol, based in convention; (2) examining three kinds of coding: Analogic differences, which deal with positive quantities having contiguous and continuous values, and digital distinctions, which include \u201ceither\/or functions\u201d, discrete values, and capacities for negation, decontextualization, and abstract concept-transfer, and finally, iconic coding, which incorporates both analogic differences and digital distinctions; and (3) differentiating between \u201cinformation theoretic\u201d orientations (which deal with data, what is \u201cgiven as meaningful\u201d according to selections and combinations within \u201ccontexts of choice\u201d) and \u201ccommunication theoretic\u201d ones (which deal with capta, what is \u201ctaken as meaningful\u201d according to various \u201cchoices of context\u201d). Finally, a brief envoi reflects on how information broadly construed relates to probability and entropy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info3030351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,27]],"date-time":"2012-08-27T11:37:40Z","timestamp":1346067460000},"page":"351-371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Terms for Talking about Information and Communication"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Corey","family":"Anton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communications, Grand Valley State University, 210 Lake Superior Hall, Allendale, MI 49401, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Wilden, A. (1987). The Rules Are No Game: The Strategy of Communication, Routledge & Kegan Paul. [1st]."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Merrell, F. (2000). 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