{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:29:14Z","timestamp":1760243354135,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,17]],"date-time":"2014-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1413504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recently, intelligent transport systems have been applied to vehicle cloud environments. Such technology is especially useful for the systematic management of road traffic. Moreover, automobiles are increasingly equipped with a black box for accident prevention and preservation of evidence. Vehicle black boxes have become mandatory because black box images and voice data have served as forensic evidence in courts. However, the data from black boxes can be forged or modified by man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks and message hijacking. In this paper, we propose a vehicle cloud computing-based black box service model that can provide integrity for black box data through digital signatures in vehicle cloud computing (VCC) environments. Our proposed model protects against MITM attacks and message hijacking using only a hash value and digital signature. Moreover, a mirroring technique (RAID 1) provides backup and recovery to protect the data from a traffic accident.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info5040526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,17]],"date-time":"2014-10-17T10:27:19Z","timestamp":1413541639000},"page":"526-534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["VBSM: VCC-Based Black Box Service Model with Enhanced Data Integrity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Won","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering and Department of Interdisciplinary Bio IT Materials, SeoulTech, 172 Gongreung 2-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-743, Korea"}]},{"given":"Jae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering and Department of Interdisciplinary Bio IT Materials, SeoulTech, 172 Gongreung 2-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-743, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1831-0309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering and Department of Interdisciplinary Bio IT Materials, SeoulTech, 172 Gongreung 2-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-743, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,17]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"Han, J.W., Lee, B.G., Son, M.H., Choi, B.C., Kim, M.S., Na, J.C., and Cho, H.S. (2013). Electronics and Telecommunications Trends, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute.","key":"ref_1"},{"unstructured":"Kim, M.S., Choi, S.G., Jeong, C.Y., and Han, J.W. (2012). Electronics and Telecommunications Trends, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute.","key":"ref_2"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"2352","article-title":"Integrated video management system for vehicle black box using the mobile cloud","volume":"17","author":"Jeong","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"267","article-title":"Implementation of smart car infotainment system including black box and self-diagnosis function","volume":"18","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Softw. Eng. Appl."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"49","article-title":"Real-time integrity for vehicle black box system","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Korea Inst. Inf. Secur. Cryptol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.7236\/JIIBC.2013.13.5.9","article-title":"Smart Moblie Blackbox DVR in car Environment","volume":"13","author":"Choi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Inst. Internet Broadcast. Commun."},{"unstructured":"Kim, M.S., and Jeong, C.Y. (2013, January 14\u201316). An Efficient Data Integrity Scheme for Preventing Falsification of Car Black box. Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on ICT Convergence (ICTC), Jeju, Korea.","key":"ref_7"},{"unstructured":"Nguyen, D.L., Lee, M.-E., and Lensky, A. (2012, January 3\u20135). The Design and Implementation of New Vehicle Black box Using the OBD Information. Proceedings of the 2012 7th International Conference on Computing and Convergence Technology (ICCCT), Seoul, Korea.","key":"ref_8"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"321","article-title":"Public-key cryptosystems with secret encryptor and digital signature.","volume":"2","author":"Verkhovsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Innov. Technol. Explor. Eng."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Secure digital signature schemes based on hash functions","volume":"6","author":"Noroozi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Commun. Netw. Syst. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"273","article-title":"Study on mirroring for high-availability cloud storage","volume":"38","author":"Wan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Korean Inst. Inf. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2013.05.018","article-title":"The amino acid\u2019s backup bone\u2014storage solutions for proteomics facilities","volume":"1844","author":"Meckel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"}],"container-title":["Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/5\/4\/526\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:17:03Z","timestamp":1760217423000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/5\/4\/526"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,17]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["info5040526"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/info5040526","relation":{},"ISSN":["2078-2489"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2078-2489"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,17]]}}}